Chromatographic Evaluation and Characterization of Constituents of Sunflower Seed Extract Used as Food Additives.

Sunflower seed extract, an antioxidant agent registered on the List of Existing Food Additives in Japan, was evaluated using HPLC, and three common constituents were detected. These peaks were identified as monocaffeoylquinic acids (3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid [chlorogenic acid]). Upon scrutinizing other components, dicaffeoylquinic acids (isochlorogenic acids; 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic, and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acids) were also identified. Structures of two newly isolated compounds were determined to be 3-O-(3S-2-oxo-3-hydroxy-indole-3-acetyl)-5-O-caffeoylquinic and 4-O-(3S-2-oxo-3-hydroxy-indole-3-acetyl)-5-O-caffeoylquinic acids. To identify the components that contribute to the antioxidant activity of sunflower seed extract, we fractionated the food additive sample solution and examined the active fractions for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Monocaffeoylquinic and dicaffeoylquinic acids showed high DPPH activity, including their contribution to the antioxidant activity of this food additive. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the new compounds showed almost the same value as that of the positive control, Trolox. Therefore, the contribution of these compounds was also considered.