Olasov B, Jackson J
Psychosom Med. 1987 Jan-Feb;49(1):65-78. doi: 10.1097/00006842-198701000-00006.
Social expectancies are assumed by many researchers to influence the reporting of menstrual and premenstrual symptoms. This study investigated the role of expectancies by attempting to manipulate college women's expectancies for a negative mood-menstrual relationship and observing the effect on self-reported daily moods. One group of women viewed a videotaped lecture designed to increase expectancies for a negative mood-menstrual relationship while a second group viewed a lecture designed to decrease such expectancies. A third group was exposed to a lecture on an unrelated topic, and a fourth, blind control group was neither exposed to a lecture nor aware that the study was concerned with the menstrual cycle. Expectancies were assessed immediately before and after presentation of the lectures. In addition, all participants monitored their moods for 40 consecutive days, after which expectancies were reassessed. Results indicated that expectancies were altered in the predicted directions by the experimental manipulations, with group differences apparent even at the 40 day follow-up. Even more importantly, daily moods during the course of the menstrual cycle were also affected by the manipulations, thus supporting the importance of expectancies as a determinant of mood.
许多研究人员认为社会期望会影响月经和经前症状的报告。本研究通过尝试操纵大学女生对负面情绪与月经关系的期望，并观察其对自我报告的日常情绪的影响，来探究期望的作用。一组女性观看了一段录像讲座，该讲座旨在增强对负面情绪与月经关系的期望，而另一组女性观看的讲座则旨在降低这种期望。第三组女性观看了一个关于无关主题的讲座，第四组为盲法对照组，既未观看讲座也不知道该研究与月经周期有关。在讲座前后立即评估期望。此外，所有参与者连续40天监测自己的情绪，之后重新评估期望。结果表明，实验操作使期望朝着预期方向改变，即使在40天的随访中，组间差异也很明显。更重要的是，月经周期过程中的日常情绪也受到了操作的影响，从而支持了期望作为情绪决定因素的重要性。
