Charoensakulchai Sakarn, Onwan Manasvin, Kanchanasurakit Sukrit, Flaherty Gerard, Matsee Wasin
Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkarak, Nakorn-nayok 26120, Thailand.
J Travel Med. 2024 Jun 3;31(4). doi: 10.1093/jtm/taae012.
Drug tourism reflects the expanding illicit drug market, posing health risks in unfamiliar travel settings. Existing knowledge specifically addressing substance use among international travellers is sparse and has not been reviewed to date. This review aimed to describe the recreational substance abuse in international travellers.
A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus using keywords related to recreational substances and international travellers. A total of 11 021 articles were reviewed, charted and summarized for the evidence on prevalence, patterns and characteristics of substance abuse and their health- and non-health-related problems on international travellers.
A total of 58 articles were included. Most were cross-sectional studies and review articles. In total, 20 articles addressed the prevalence of substance abuse in travellers, 33 looked at characteristics and patterns of substance abuse in travellers and 39 investigated the health- and non-health-related problems from substance abuse. Estimated prevalence of recreational substances abuse varied from 0.7% to 55.0%. Rates of substances abuse were 9.45-34.5% for cannabis, 20.4-35.9% for alcohol intoxication, 2.82-40.5% for MDMA, 2-22.2% for cocaine, 2-15% for psychedelic agents and 2% for methamphetamine. The prevalence varied according to travellers' characteristics and travel destinations. Direct health problems included neuropsychiatric problems. Indirect problems included accident and unintentional injuries, crime and violence, risky sexual behaviours and sexual violence and blood-borne infections. Non-health-related problems included air rage, deportation and violation of local laws.
Substance abuse among international travellers is an underestimated problem that requires intervention. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing this issue to mitigate both health and well-being problems among travellers whilst promoting safer and more responsible travel experiences. In the context of travel health practices, practitioners should counsel travellers whose itineraries may include substance abuse, informing them about associated risks and consequences.
药物旅游反映出非法毒品市场的扩张，在陌生的旅行环境中带来健康风险。目前专门针对国际旅行者药物使用情况的知识较为匮乏，且至今尚未进行过综述。本综述旨在描述国际旅行者中的娱乐性药物滥用情况。
在PubMed、谷歌学术和Scopus上使用与娱乐性药物和国际旅行者相关的关键词进行文献检索。共对11021篇文章进行了综述、制表和总结，以获取有关国际旅行者药物滥用的患病率、模式和特征及其与健康和非健康相关问题的证据。
共纳入58篇文章。大多数为横断面研究和综述文章。总共有20篇文章探讨了旅行者中药物滥用的患病率，33篇研究了旅行者中药物滥用的特征和模式，39篇调查了药物滥用与健康和非健康相关的问题。娱乐性药物滥用的估计患病率在0.7%至55.0%之间。大麻的药物滥用率为9.45 - 34.5%，酒精中毒为20.4 - 35.9%，摇头丸为2.82 - 40.5%，可卡因为2 - 22.2%，迷幻剂为2 - 15%，甲基苯丙胺为2%。患病率因旅行者的特征和旅行目的地而异。直接的健康问题包括神经精神问题。间接问题包括事故和意外伤害、犯罪和暴力、危险的性行为和性暴力以及血液传播感染。与非健康相关的问题包括空中暴怒、被驱逐和违反当地法律。
国际旅行者中的药物滥用是一个被低估的问题，需要进行干预。这些发现强调了解决这一问题对于减轻旅行者的健康和福祉问题、同时促进更安全和更负责任的旅行体验的重要性。在旅行健康实践中，从业者应向行程可能涉及药物滥用的旅行者提供咨询，告知他们相关风险和后果。
