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高价值作物的嵌入式花生生产系统与系统模式综合养分管理：对半干旱气候下系统生产力、系统盈利能力和土壤生物肥力指标的长期影响

High-value crops' embedded groundnut-based production systems vis-à-vis system-mode integrated nutrient management: long-term impacts on system productivity, system profitability, and soil bio-fertility indicators in semi-arid climate.

作者信息

Bana Ram Swaroop, Choudhary Anil K, Nirmal Ravi C, Kuri Bhola Ram, Sangwan Seema, Godara Samarth, Bansal Ruchi, Singh Deepak, Rana D S

机构信息

Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.

Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.

出版信息

Front Plant Sci. 2024 Jan 4;14:1298946. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1298946. eCollection 2023.

DOI:10.3389/fpls.2023.1298946
PMID:38239227
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10794608/
Abstract

The current study identified two new climate-resilient groundnut-based cropping systems (GBCSs), ., groundnut-fenugreek cropping system (GFCS) and groundnut-marigold cropping system (GMCS), with appropriate system-mode bio-compost embedded nutrient management schedules (SBINMSs) for semi-arid South Asia. This 5-year field study revealed that the GMCS along with leaf compost (LC) + 50% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) in wet-season crop (groundnut) and 100% RDF (RDF) in winter-season crop (marigold) exhibited the highest system productivity (5.13-5.99 t/ha), system profits (US$ 1,767-2,688/ha), and soil fertility (available NPK). Among SBINMSs, the application of 5 t/ha leaf and cow dung mixture compost (LCMC) with RDF showed the highest increase (0.41%) in soil organic carbon (SOC) followed by LC at 5 t/ha with RDF and RDF. Legume-legume rotation (GFCS) had significantly higher soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) than legume-non-legume rotations (groundnut-wheat cropping system (GWCS) and GMCS). Among SBINMSs, the highest SMBC (201 µg/g dry soil) and SMBN (27.9 µg/g dry soil) were obtained when LCMC+RDF was applied to groundnut. The SMBC : SMBN ratio was the highest in the GWCS. LC+RDF exhibited the highest SMBC : SOC ratio (51.6). The largest increase in soil enzymatic activities was observed under LCMC+RDF. Overall, the GMCS with LC+RDF in the wet season and RDF in the winter season proved highly productive and remunerative with better soil bio-fertility. SBINMSs saved chemical fertilizers by ~25%' in addition to enhanced system productivity and system profits across GBCSs in semi-arid regions of South Asia. Future research needs to focus on studying the potential of diversified production systems on water and environmental footprints, carbon dynamics, and energy productivity under semi-arid ecologies.

摘要

当前研究确定了两种新的适应气候变化的花生种植系统（GBCS），即花生-胡芦巴种植系统（GFCS）和花生-万寿菊种植系统（GMCS），并为南亚半干旱地区制定了相应的系统模式生物堆肥嵌入式养分管理方案（SBINMS）。这项为期5年的田间研究表明，GMCS在雨季作物（花生）中搭配叶肥（LC）+50%推荐施肥量（RDF），在冬季作物（万寿菊）中搭配100%RDF，表现出最高的系统生产力（5.13 - 5.99吨/公顷）、系统利润（1767 - 2688美元/公顷）和土壤肥力（有效氮磷钾）。在SBINMS中，施用5吨/公顷叶肥和牛粪混合堆肥（LCMC）并搭配RDF，土壤有机碳（SOC）增加最多（0.41%），其次是5吨/公顷LC搭配RDF和仅施用RDF。豆科-豆科轮作（GFCS）的土壤微生物生物量碳（SMBC）和土壤微生物生物量氮（SMBN）显著高于豆科-非豆科轮作（花生-小麦种植系统（GWCS）和GMCS）。在SBINMS中，花生施用LCMC+RDF时，SMBC最高（201微克/克干土），SMBN最高（27.9微克/克干土）。GWCS的SMBC:SMBN比值最高。LC+RDF的SMBC:SOC比值最高（51.6）。LCMC+RDF处理下土壤酶活性增加最大。总体而言，雨季施用LC+RDF、冬季施用RDF的GMCS被证明具有高产和高收益，且土壤生物肥力更好。SBINMS除提高了南亚半干旱地区GBCS的系统生产力和系统利润外，还节省了约25%的化肥。未来的研究需要聚焦于研究多样化生产系统在半干旱生态环境下对水和环境足迹、碳动态以及能源生产力的影响。

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