Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Jan 4;14:1238827. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238827. eCollection 2023.
Nanoparticles have unique physical and chemical properties and are currently widely used in disease diagnosis, drug delivery, and new drug development in biomedicine. In recent years, the role of nanomedical technology in cancer treatment has become increasingly obvious. Autophagy is a multi-step degradation process in cells and an important pathway for material and energy recovery. It is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. Because nanomaterials are highly targeted and biosafe, they can be used as carriers to deliver autophagy regulators; in addition to their favorable physicochemical properties, nanomaterials can be employed to carry autophagy inhibitors, reducing the breakdown of chemotherapy drugs by cancer cells and thereby enhancing the drug's efficacy. Furthermore, certain nanomaterials can induce autophagy, triggering oxidative stress-mediated autophagy enhancement and cell apoptosis, thus constraining the progression of cancer cells.There are various types of nanoparticles, including liposomes, micelles, polymers, metal-based materials, and carbon-based materials. The majority of clinically applicable drugs are liposomes, though other materials are currently undergoing continuous optimization. This review begins with the roles of autophagy in tumor treatment, and then focuses on the application of nanomaterials with autophagy-regulating functions in tumor treatment.
纳米颗粒具有独特的物理和化学性质，目前在生物医学领域的疾病诊断、药物输送和新药开发中得到了广泛应用。近年来，纳米医学技术在癌症治疗中的作用越来越明显。自噬是细胞内的一种多步骤降解过程，是物质和能量回收的重要途径，与癌症的发生和发展密切相关。由于纳米材料具有高度靶向性和生物安全性，因此可以作为载体来输送自噬调节剂；除了良好的物理化学性质外，纳米材料还可以用来携带自噬抑制剂，减少癌细胞对化疗药物的分解，从而增强药物的疗效。此外，某些纳米材料可以诱导自噬，引发氧化应激介导的自噬增强和细胞凋亡，从而抑制癌细胞的进展。纳米颗粒有多种类型，包括脂质体、胶束、聚合物、基于金属的材料和基于碳的材料。大多数临床应用的药物是脂质体，尽管其他材料正在不断优化。本综述首先介绍了自噬在肿瘤治疗中的作用，然后重点介绍了具有自噬调节功能的纳米材料在肿瘤治疗中的应用。
