College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411100, China; National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China.
National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China.
Life Sci Space Res (Amst). 2024 Feb;40:44-50. doi: 10.1016/j.lssr.2023.12.001. Epub 2023 Dec 18.
The objectives of this research were to investigate the impact of hypobaria, hyperoxia, and nitrogen form on the growth and nutritional quality of plants. Pre-culture 20-day-old lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Rome) seedlings grew for 25 days under three levels of total atmospheric pressure (101, 54, and 30 kPa), two levels of oxygen partial pressure (21 and 28 kPa), and two forms of nitrogen (NON and NHN). The ratios of NON to NHN included 3: 1, 4: 0, 2: 2, and 0: 4. The nitrogen quantity included two levels, i.e. N1, 0.1 g N kg dry matrix and N2, 0.2 g N kg dry matrix. The growth status of lettuce plants in different treatments differentiated markedly. Regardless of the nitrogen factor, the growth status of lettuce plants treated with total atmospheric pressure/oxygen partial pressure at 54/21 was equivalent to the treatment of 101/21. Under the hypobaric condition (54 kPa), compared with 21 kPa oxygen partial pressure, hyperoxia (28 kPa) significantly inhibited the growth of lettuce plants and the biomass (fresh weight) decreased by 60.9%-69.9% compared with that under 101/21 treatment. At the N1 level, the sequence of the biomass of lettuce plants supplied with different ratios of NON to NHN was 3: 1 > 4: 0 > 2: 2 > 0: 4, and there were higher concentrations of chlorophyll and carotenoid of lettuce plants supplied with the higher ratio of NO to NH. At the N2 level, the effects of different ratios of NON to NHN on lettuce plants were similar to those at the N1 level. The high nitrogen (N2) promoted the growth of lettuce plants such as 54/21/N2 treatments. Both form and nitrogen level did not affect the stress resistance of lettuce plants. Hypobaria (54 kPa) increased the contents of N, P, and K and hyperoxia (28 kPa) decreased the content of organic carbon in lettuce plants. The high nitrogen (N2) improved the content of total N and the N uptake. The ratios of NON to NHN were 4: 0 and 3: 1, lettuce could absorb and utilize N effectively. This study demonstrated that hyperoxia (28 kPa) inhibited the growth of lettuce plants under the hypobaric condition (54 kPa), and high level of nitrogen (0.2 g N kg dry matrix) and NON: NHN at 3: 1 markedly enhanced the growth, the contents of mineral elements and the nutritional quality of lettuce plants.
本研究旨在探讨低气压、高氧和氮形态对植物生长和营养品质的影响。预培养 20 天的生菜（Lactuca sativa L. var. Rome）幼苗在三种总气压（101、54 和 30 kPa）、两种氧分压（21 和 28 kPa）和两种氮形态（NON 和 NHN）下生长 25 天。NON 与 NHN 的比例分别为 3:1、4:0、2:2 和 0:4。氮的量包括两个水平，即 N1，0.1 g N kg 干基质和 N2，0.2 g N kg 干基质。不同处理下生菜植株的生长状况明显不同。无论氮素因子如何，54/21 总气压/氧分压处理的生菜植株生长状况与 101/21 处理相同。在低压（54 kPa）条件下，与 21 kPa 氧分压相比，高氧（28 kPa）显著抑制生菜植株的生长，生物量（鲜重）比 101/21 处理降低 60.9%-69.9%。在 N1 水平下，不同 NON 与 NHN 比例下生菜植株的生物量顺序为 3:1＞4:0＞2:2＞0:4，且供高比例 NO 与 NH 的生菜植株的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素浓度较高。在 N2 水平下，不同 NON 与 NHN 比例对生菜植株的影响与 N1 水平相似。高氮（N2）促进了 54/21/N2 等处理生菜植株的生长。氮素形态和氮素水平均不影响生菜植株的抗逆性。低气压（54 kPa）增加了生菜植株中 N、P 和 K 的含量，而高氧（28 kPa）降低了有机碳的含量。高氮（N2）提高了总氮含量和氮吸收量。NON 与 NHN 的比例为 4:0 和 3:1，生菜能够有效吸收和利用 N。本研究表明，高压（28 kPa）抑制低气压（54 kPa）下生菜植株的生长，高氮（0.2 g N kg 干基质）和 NON：NHN 比 3:1 显著增强生菜植株的生长、矿质元素含量和营养品质。
