Zhang Yixin, Usman Samaila, Li Qiang, Li Fuhou, Zhang Xia, Nussio Luiz Gustavo, Guo Xusheng
State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
Probiotics and Life Health Institute, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2024 Jan 22;15(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s40104-023-00977-3.
Milk synthesis in lactating animals demands high energy metabolism, which results in an increased production of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) causing an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants thereby inducing oxidative stress (OS) on the animals. To mitigate OS and postpartum disorders in dairy goats and gain insight into the impact of dietary choices on redox status during lactation, a feeding trial was conducted using alfalfa silage inoculated with a high-antioxidant strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum.
Twenty-four Guanzhong dairy goats (38.1 ± 1.20 kg) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments: one containing silage inoculated with L. plantarum MTD/1 (RSMTD-1), and the other containing silage inoculated with high antioxidant activity L. plantarum 24-7 (ES24-7).
ES24-7-inoculated silage exhibited better fermentation quality and antioxidant activity compared to RSMTD-1. The ES24-7 diet elevated the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activities in milk, serum, and feces of lactating goats (with the exception of T-AOC in milk). Additionally, the diet containing ES24-7 inoculated silage enhanced casein yield, milk free fatty acid (FFA) content, and vitamin A level in the goats' milk. Furthermore, an increase of immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, IgM, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10 concentrations were observed, coupled with a reduction in IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations in the serum of lactating goats fed ES24-7. Higher concentrations of total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate, and propionate were observed in the rumen fluid of dairy goats fed ES24-7 inoculated silage. Moreover, the diet containing ES24-7 inoculated silage significantly upregulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (NFE2L2), beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1), SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, GPX2, CAT, glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR), and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) genes in the mammary gland, while decreased the levels of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), TNF, and interferon gamma (IFNG).
These findings indicated that feeding L. plantarum 24-7 inoculated alfalfa silage not only improved rumen fermentation and milk quality in lactating dairy goats but also boosted their immunity and antioxidant status by modulating the expression of several genes related to antioxidant and inflammation in the mammary gland.
泌乳动物的乳汁合成需要高能量代谢，这会导致活性氧代谢产物（ROM）生成增加，从而造成氧化剂与抗氧化剂之间的失衡，进而在动物体内引发氧化应激（OS）。为了减轻奶山羊的氧化应激和产后疾病，并深入了解泌乳期间饮食选择对氧化还原状态的影响，进行了一项饲喂试验，使用接种了高抗氧化性植物乳杆菌菌株的苜蓿青贮饲料。
将24只关中奶山羊（38.1±1.20千克）随机分为两种日粮处理组：一组日粮含有接种植物乳杆菌MTD/1的青贮饲料（RSMTD - 1），另一组日粮含有接种具有高抗氧化活性的植物乳杆菌24 - 7的青贮饲料（ES24 - 7）。
与RSMTD - 1相比，接种ES24 - 7的青贮饲料表现出更好的发酵品质和抗氧化活性。ES24 - 7日粮提高了泌乳山羊乳汁、血清和粪便中的总抗氧化能力（T - AOC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH - Px）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性（乳汁中的T - AOC除外）。此外，含有接种ES24 - 7青贮饲料的日粮提高了山羊奶中的酪蛋白产量、乳游离脂肪酸（FFA）含量和维生素A水平。此外，观察到饲喂ES24 - 7的泌乳山羊血清中免疫球蛋白（Ig）A、IgG、IgM、白细胞介素（IL）-4和IL - 10浓度增加，同时IL - 1β、IL - 2、IL - 6、干扰素（IFN）-γ和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α浓度降低。在饲喂接种ES24 - 7青贮饲料的奶山羊瘤胃液中观察到更高浓度的总挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）、乙酸和丙酸。此外，含有接种ES24 - 7青贮饲料的日粮显著上调了乳腺中核因子红细胞2样2（NFE2L2）、β - 胡萝卜素加氧酶1（BCO1）、SOD1、SOD2、SOD3、GPX2、CAT、谷胱甘肽二硫化物还原酶（GSR）和血红素加氧酶1（HMOX1）基因的表达，同时降低了NADPH氧化酶4（NOX4）、TNF和干扰素γ（IFNG）的水平。
这些研究结果表明，饲喂接种植物乳杆菌24 - 一是通过调节乳腺中与抗氧化和炎症相关的几个基因的表达来提高泌乳奶山羊的瘤胃发酵和乳汁质量，还增强了它们的免疫力和抗氧化状态。
