Toporkova Yana Y, Smirnova Elena O, Gorina Svetlana S
Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, P.O. Box 261, 420111 Kazan, Russia.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Jan 18;46(1):821-841. doi: 10.3390/cimb46010053.
Oxylipins are one of the most important classes of bioregulators, biosynthesized through the oxidative metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids in various aerobic organisms. Oxylipins are bioregulators that maintain homeostasis at the cellular and organismal levels. The most important oxylipins are mammalian eicosanoids and plant octadecanoids. In plants, the main source of oxylipins is the lipoxygenase cascade, the key enzymes of which are nonclassical cytochromes P450 of the CYP74 family, namely allene oxide synthases (AOSs), hydroperoxide lyases (HPLs), and divinyl ether synthases (DESs). The most well-studied plant oxylipins are jasmonates (AOS products) and traumatin and green leaf volatiles (HPL products), whereas other oxylipins remain outside of the focus of researchers' attention. Among them, there is a large group of epoxy hydroxy fatty acids (epoxyalcohols), whose biosynthesis has remained unclear for a long time. In 2008, the first epoxyalcohol synthase of lancelet , BfEAS (CYP440A1), was discovered. The present review collects data on EASs discovered after BfEAS and enzymes exhibiting EAS activity along with other catalytic activities. This review also presents the results of a study on the evolutionary processes possibly occurring within the P450 superfamily as a whole.
氧脂素是最重要的生物调节剂类别之一，通过各种需氧生物中不饱和脂肪酸的氧化代谢生物合成。氧脂素是在细胞和机体水平维持体内平衡的生物调节剂。最重要的氧脂素是哺乳动物类二十烷酸和植物十八烷酸。在植物中，氧脂素的主要来源是脂氧合酶途径，其关键酶是CYP74家族的非经典细胞色素P450，即丙二烯氧化物合酶（AOSs）、氢过氧化物裂解酶（HPLs）和二乙烯基醚合酶（DESs）。研究最充分的植物氧脂素是茉莉酸（AOS产物）、创伤激素和绿叶挥发物（HPL产物），而其他氧脂素仍未受到研究人员的关注。其中，有一大类环氧羟基脂肪酸（环氧醇），其生物合成长期以来一直不清楚。2008年，发现了文昌鱼的首个环氧醇合酶BfEAS（CYP440A1）。本综述收集了BfEAS之后发现的环氧醇合酶以及具有环氧醇合酶活性和其他催化活性的酶的数据。本综述还展示了对整个P450超家族可能发生的进化过程的研究结果。
