Komatsuda Hiroki, Kono Michihisa, Wakisaka Risa, Sato Ryosuke, Inoue Takahiro, Kumai Takumi, Takahara Miki
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Dec 30;12(1):45. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12010045.
The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has increased over the past 30 years. Although differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has a good prognosis in most patients undergoing total thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine therapy (RAI), 5-10% of patients develop metastasis. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) has a low survival rate and few effective treatments have been available to date. Recently, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been successfully applied to RAI-resistant or non-responsive TC to suppress the disease. However, TC eventually develops resistance to TKIs. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment for TC, the majority of which is considered an immune-hot malignancy. Immune suppression by TC cells and immune-suppressing cells, including tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and regulatory T cells, is complex and dynamic. Negative immune checkpoints, cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) suppress antitumor T cells. Basic and translational advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), molecule-targeted therapy, tumor-specific immunotherapy, and their combinations have enabled us to overcome immune suppression and activate antitumor immune cells. This review summarizes current findings regarding the immune microenvironment, immunosuppression, immunological targets, and immunotherapy for TC and highlights the potential efficacy of immunotherapy.
在过去30年中，甲状腺癌（TC）的发病率有所上升。尽管大多数接受全甲状腺切除术并随后进行放射性碘治疗（RAI）的分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）患者预后良好，但仍有5%-10%的患者会发生转移。间变性甲状腺癌（ATC）的生存率较低，迄今为止几乎没有有效的治疗方法。最近，酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKIs）已成功应用于对RAI耐药或无反应的TC，以抑制该病。然而，TC最终会对TKIs产生耐药性。免疫疗法是TC的一种有前景的治疗方法，其中大多数被认为是一种免疫热恶性肿瘤。TC细胞和免疫抑制细胞（包括肿瘤相关巨噬细胞、髓系来源的抑制细胞和调节性T细胞）的免疫抑制是复杂且动态的。负性免疫检查点、细胞因子、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶1（IDO1）会抑制抗肿瘤T细胞。免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）、分子靶向治疗、肿瘤特异性免疫治疗及其联合应用在基础和转化方面的进展使我们能够克服免疫抑制并激活抗肿瘤免疫细胞。本文综述总结了目前关于TC免疫微环境、免疫抑制、免疫靶点和免疫治疗的研究结果，并强调了免疫治疗的潜在疗效。
Zotero 插件
