Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2024 Jan;54(4):776-784. doi: 10.1638/2023-0016.
The American black bear () is an opportunistic and adaptable species with high rehabilitation success rates. Injured, ill, and orphaned bears across the southeastern United States are examined and treated at the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine followed by rehabilitation at Appalachian Bear Rescue (ABR). Hematology and biochemistry reference ranges exist for healthy adult black bears; however, most bears presenting to ABR are young and of variable health status. Thus, further investigation into the difference of blood values at varying ages and presentations is warranted. ABR records from 1996 to 2022 included 106 bears with completed hematology and plasma biochemistry panels (22 paired samples at intake and release, 84 at intake only). Intake-only samples consisted of 12 neonates (<3 mon old), 64 cubs (3-12 mon), and 30 yearlings (1-2 yr). Bears presented as orphaned neonates (22%), orphaned cubs (45%), malnourished yearlings (24%), and injured/ill (9%) during fall (16%), winter (13%), spring (32%), and summer (39%). Changes in hematology and plasma biochemistry results between intake and release included an increase in hematocrit and glucose. Injured/ill bears presented with higher total leukocyte count (WBC), absolute neutrophils (ABS segs), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatine kinase ( < 0.05). Positive correlation between ALT, AST, proteins, and blood urea nitrogen and negative correlation between absolute lymphocytes and alkaline phosphatase were noted with age. Both WBC and ABS segs were lower during winter ( < 0.05). Understanding what factors affect juvenile black bear blood values improves clinical expectations and evaluation upon intake, clinical evaluation, and treatment.
美国黑熊（）是一种机会主义和适应性强的物种，具有很高的康复成功率。美国东南部受伤、生病和孤儿的熊在田纳西大学兽医学院接受检查和治疗，然后在阿巴拉契亚熊救援中心（ABR）进行康复。健康成年黑熊的血液学和生化学参考范围已经存在；然而，ABR 收治的大多数熊都还年轻，健康状况各不相同。因此，有必要进一步研究不同年龄和表现的血液值差异。ABR 从 1996 年到 2022 年的记录包括 106 只完成血液学和血浆生化学检测的熊（22 对摄入和释放时的样本，84 对仅摄入时的样本）。仅摄入的样本包括 12 只新生熊（<3 个月大）、64 只幼熊（3-12 个月大）和 30 只幼熊（1-2 岁）。熊在秋季（16%）、冬季（13%）、春季（32%）和夏季（39%）以孤儿新生熊（22%）、孤儿幼熊（45%）、营养不良的幼熊（24%）和受伤/生病（9%）的身份出现。摄入和释放之间血液学和血浆生化学结果的变化包括血细胞比容和血糖的增加。受伤/生病的熊表现出更高的总白细胞计数（WBC）、绝对中性粒细胞（ABS 节段）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）和肌酸激酶（<0.05）。随着年龄的增长，还观察到 ALT、AST、蛋白质和血尿素氮之间存在正相关，绝对淋巴细胞和碱性磷酸酶之间存在负相关。白细胞计数和 ABS 节段在冬季较低（<0.05）。了解哪些因素影响幼年黑熊的血液值可以提高临床预期和入院时、临床评估和治疗时的评估。
