Imran Muhammad, Basit Muhammad Abdul, Yasmin Sumeira, Khan Shan Ali, Elagan S K, Akgül Ali, Hassan Ahmed M
Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Aziz University, P.O. Box 99011, 21955, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 22;14(1):1873. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-48364-2.
Nanofluids become significant in the mass and heat transfer models, especially in engineering problems. Current proceedings focused on the bioconvective Maxwell nanofluid flow passing through the permeable stretchable sheet contingent to nield boundary conditions involving effects of activation energy and thermal radiation. Various physical quantities are involved in this mechanism like magnetic field, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion. The main objective of the study is to report the heat and mass transport in the existence of motile microorganisms. In a mathematical perspective, this structured physical model is going to govern with the help of partial differential equations (PDEs). These governing PDEs are then converted into dimensionless ordinary differential equations form by utilizing appropriate similarity transformations. For numerical results, the shooting technique with 'bvp4c' built-in package of MATLAB was implemented. Computed results are then visualized graphically and discussed effects of involving physical variables on the nano-fluid flow profiles are comprehensively. From results, it has been concluded that the fluid flow velocity, temperature, concentration, and microorganism density profiles show escalation on increasing the numeric values of porosity, thermophoresis, buoyancy ratio, bioconvection Rayleigh, Peclet number parameters and decrement reported due to increasing the counts of Prandtl number, magnetic field, radiation, Brownian motion, Lewis number as evident from figures. The numerical outcomes observed by fixing the physical parameters as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. Magnetic field and Brownian motion create retardation impact due to the liquid momentum. In tables, the numerical values of Skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and microorganisms density number are presented and also comparison table of our computed results and already published results is included for the validation.
纳米流体在质量和传热模型中具有重要意义，尤其是在工程问题中。当前的研究集中在生物对流麦克斯韦纳米流体流经可渗透可拉伸薄板的情况，该情况符合涉及活化能和热辐射影响的尼尔德边界条件。此机制涉及多种物理量，如磁场、热泳和布朗运动。该研究的主要目的是报告在有活动微生物存在的情况下的热量和质量传递。从数学角度来看，这个结构化的物理模型将借助偏微分方程（PDEs）来控制。然后通过适当的相似变换将这些控制偏微分方程转换为无量纲常微分方程形式。对于数值结果，采用了MATLAB的“bvp4c”内置包的打靶技术。然后将计算结果以图形方式可视化，并全面讨论了所涉及的物理变量对纳米流体流动剖面的影响。从结果可以得出结论，流体流速、温度、浓度和微生物密度剖面随着孔隙率、热泳、浮力比、生物对流瑞利数、佩克莱特数参数数值的增加而上升，并且由于普朗特数、磁场、辐射、布朗运动、刘易斯数的增加而下降，如图所示。通过将物理参数固定为[公式：见文本]、[公式：见文本]、[公式：见文本]、[公式：见文本]、[公式：见文本]、[公式：见文本]、[公式：见文本]、[公式：见文本]观察到了数值结果。磁场和布朗运动由于液体动量而产生阻滞作用。在表格中，给出了表面摩擦力、努塞尔数、舍伍德数和微生物密度数的数值，并且还包括了我们的计算结果与已发表结果的比较表以进行验证。
