Suto Maiko, Takehara Kenji, Morisaki Naho, Moriichi Akinori, Gai Ruoyan, Mori Rintaro
Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 10-1 Okura 2-chome, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 10-1 Okura 2-chome, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
Children (Basel). 2024 Jan 10;11(1):81. doi: 10.3390/children11010081.
This study aimed to clarify diseases that occur more frequently by age and identify the peaks and trends of each disease from infancy to adolescence for early detection and treatment. This retrospective observational study was conducted using Japan's National Database of Health Insurance Claims Specific Health Checkups from January 2012 to December 2016. Using peak ages and trends in the number of patients, we grouped diseases by the International Classification of Diseases chapters. Although diseases that peaked during infancy were the most common (10 disease chapters), other diseases peaked at school-going age and adolescence. Diseases in four chapters peaked during adolescence and continued to increase toward the age of 18. These four chapters included mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders; diseases of the nervous system; the genitourinary system; and pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium. Childhood-onset diseases can affect long-term health and healthcare needs, and timely screening and guidance based on disease trends can provide an effective intervention. To establish a child healthcare system that provides preventive support for children and adolescents' physical, psychological, and social health, further research is needed to comprehensively understand the issues per age and developmental stage.
本研究旨在明确不同年龄段更常发生的疾病，并确定从婴儿期到青春期每种疾病的发病高峰及趋势，以便早期发现和治疗。这项回顾性观察研究使用了日本2012年1月至2016年12月的全国健康保险理赔特定健康检查数据库。利用发病高峰年龄和患者数量趋势，我们根据国际疾病分类章节对疾病进行了分组。虽然婴儿期达到发病高峰的疾病最为常见（10个疾病章节），但其他疾病在上学年龄和青春期达到发病高峰。四个章节中的疾病在青春期达到发病高峰，并持续增加至18岁。这四个章节包括精神、行为和神经发育障碍；神经系统疾病；生殖泌尿系统疾病；以及妊娠、分娩和产褥期疾病。儿童期发病的疾病会影响长期健康和医疗需求，基于疾病趋势进行及时筛查和指导可提供有效的干预措施。为建立一个为儿童和青少年的身体、心理和社会健康提供预防性支持的儿童医疗保健系统，需要进一步开展研究以全面了解每个年龄和发育阶段的问题。
