Food Sciences Unit, National Council for Scientific Research-Lebanon (CNRS-L), Beirut P.O. Box 11-8281, Lebanon.
Faculty of Public Health, Section 1, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon.
Nutrients. 2024 Jan 10;16(2):226. doi: 10.3390/nu16020226.
Rising food insecurity (FI) and the increased prices of animal-based foods could compromise vitamin B12 (B12) intake and serum levels in food-insecure people. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of low levels of serum B12 and its inadequate dietary intake among a nationally representative sample of Lebanese adults aged 18 to 64 years, while exploring the impact of FI and identifying other potential predictors. The B12 intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and the mean of two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. The B12 serum levels were also examined. To examine the time trends in the B12 serum levels and dietary intake, the data from a large representative digitized database of 6290 participants were collected, along with the examination of FAOSTAT food consumption data both before and during the economic crisis period. Our findings revealed that 47.3% of households in Lebanon experienced FI. The inadequate intake of B12 food sources was prevalent in 52.5% of participants, and 61.1% presented with low (23%) or intermediate (38.1%) levels of serum B12. The food-secure households had a higher proportion of B12 intake from meats ( = 0.004), while traditional foods contributed more to food-insecure households ( = 0.000). The participants who were female, unemployed, food-insecure, and had low dietary diversity were about two to three times more likely to have inadequate B12 intake. The predictors of low levels of serum B12 included residing in Beqaa (OR = 2.856 and 95% CI = 1.018-8.01) and having inadequate B12 intake (OR = 1.788 and 95% CI = 1.2-2.65). The findings from observing the time trends in the consumption and the serum levels of B12 indicate a considerable decline in the consumption of most animal-based foods compared to the pre-crisis period, associated with a decline in the serum levels of B12. In conclusion, an alarming prevalence of low dietary intake and low serum levels of B12 was revealed among Lebanese adults, and the indirect effect of FI on B12 serum levels mediated through B12 intake was inferred.
食物不安全（FI）和动物源性食品价格上涨可能会影响食物不安全人群的维生素 B12（B12）摄入和血清水平。我们的研究旨在确定在一个具有全国代表性的黎巴嫩 18 至 64 岁成年人样本中，血清 B12 水平低和其膳食摄入量不足的流行情况，同时探讨食物不安全的影响，并确定其他潜在的预测因素。使用食物频率问卷和两次非连续 24 小时回忆的平均值评估 B12 摄入量。还检查了 B12 血清水平。为了研究 B12 血清水平和膳食摄入量的时间趋势，收集了来自一个大型数字化数据库的 6290 名参与者的数据，同时还研究了经济危机期间和之前 FAOSTAT 食物消费数据。我们的研究结果显示，黎巴嫩有 47.3%的家庭经历了食物不安全。52.5%的参与者摄入 B12 食物来源不足，61.1%的参与者血清 B12 水平低（23%）或中等（38.1%）。食物安全家庭从肉类中获得 B12 摄入量的比例更高（= 0.004），而传统食物对食物不安全家庭的贡献更大（= 0.000）。女性、失业、食物不安全和膳食多样性低的参与者更有可能摄入不足的 B12。血清 B12 水平低的预测因素包括居住在贝卡（OR = 2.856，95%CI = 1.018-8.01）和 B12 摄入量不足（OR = 1.788，95%CI = 1.2-2.65）。观察 B12 消耗和血清水平的时间趋势的结果表明，与危机前相比，大多数动物源性食品的消耗明显下降，这与 B12 血清水平的下降有关。总之，黎巴嫩成年人的 B12 膳食摄入量低和血清水平低的现象令人担忧，食物不安全通过 B12 摄入对 B12 血清水平的间接影响得到了推断。
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