Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon.
Nutrition and Food Systems Division, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, 00153 Rome, Italy.
Nutrients. 2019 Jul 27;11(8):1738. doi: 10.3390/nu11081738.
Amidst the ongoing societal and economic shifts in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR), this study aims at investigating temporal trends in food consumption and nutrient intakes among Lebanese adults, by age and sex. Data were derived from two national cross-sectional surveys conducted in Lebanon during two time periods (1997; 2008/2009). In both surveys, dietary assessment was based on 24-h recalls. The results, expressed as % energy intake (%EI), revealed a significant decrease ( < 0.001) in the consumption of bread, fruits, fresh fruit juices, milk and eggs, whereas the consumption of added fats and oils, poultry, cereals and cereal-based products, chips and salty crackers, sweetened milk and hot beverages increased over time ( < 0.001). A significant increase in dietary energy (kcal/day) and fat intake (%EI) was observed, coupled with decreases in carbohydrate intake (%EI) and dietary density of vitamin A and vitamin C (per 1000 kcal) ( < 0.001). These changes were noted in both genders and across age groups, albeit there were some disparities between groups. In conclusion, based on national nutrition surveys, this study is the first to characterize the nutrition transition in a middle-income country of the EMR, shedding light on priority areas for nutrition policies and interventions.
在东地中海地区（EMR）持续的社会和经济变革中，本研究旨在调查黎巴嫩成年人的食物消费和营养素摄入随时间的变化趋势，按年龄和性别划分。数据来自黎巴嫩在两个时期进行的两项全国性横断面调查（1997 年；2008/2009 年）。在这两项调查中，饮食评估均基于 24 小时回忆。结果以能量摄入百分比（%EI）表示，显示面包、水果、新鲜果汁、牛奶和鸡蛋的摄入量显著下降（<0.001），而添加脂肪和油、禽肉、谷物和谷物制品、薯片和咸饼干、加糖牛奶和热饮的摄入量则随时间增加（<0.001）。膳食能量（千卡/天）和脂肪摄入量（%EI）显著增加，同时碳水化合物摄入量（%EI）和维生素 A 和维生素 C 的饮食密度（每 1000 千卡）下降（<0.001）。这些变化在两性和各年龄组中均有观察到，但组间存在一些差异。总之，基于国家营养调查，本研究首次描述了 EMR 中等收入国家的营养转型，为营养政策和干预措施的重点领域提供了线索。
