Isolation, Characterization, and Safety Evaluation of the Novel Probiotic Strain IDCC 3401 via Genomic and Phenotypic Approaches.

This study aimed to explore the safety and properties of IDCC 3401 as a novel probiotic strain via genomic and phenotypic analyses. In whole-genome sequencing, the genes associated with antibiotic resistance and virulence were not detected in this strain. The minimum inhibitory concentration test revealed that IDCC 3401 was susceptible to all the antibiotics tested, except for kanamycin. Furthermore, the strain did not produce toxigenic compounds, such as biogenic amines and D-lactate, nor did it exhibit significant toxicity in a single-dose acute oral toxicity test in rats. Phenotypic characterization of carbohydrate utilization and enzymatic activities indicated that IDCC 3401 can utilize various nutrients, allowing it to grow in deficient conditions and produce health-promoting metabolites. The presence of IDCC 3401 supernatants significantly inhibited the growth of enteric pathogens ( < 0.05). In addition, the adhesion ability of IDCC 3401 to intestinal epithelial cells was found to be as superior as that of GG. These results suggest that IDCC 3401 is safe for consumption and provides health benefits to the host.