Ivcevic Zorana, Shen Shuting, Lin Shengjie, Cheng David, Probasco Ryan, Silbermann Ben, Zhang Feng, Lin Xihong, Brackett Marc
Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, New Haven, CT, United States.
Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
Front Psychol. 2024 Jan 8;14:1239123. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1239123. eCollection 2023.
The COVID-19 pandemic influenced emotional experiences globally. We examined daily positive and negative affect between May/June 2020 and February 2021 (N = 151,049; 3,509,982 observations) using a convenience sample from a national mobile application-based survey that asked for daily affect reports. Four questions were examined: (1) How did people in the United States feel from May/June 2020 to February 2021?; (2) What demographic variables are related to positive and negative affect?; (3) What is the relationship between experienced stressors and daily affect?; and (4) What is the relationship between daily affect and preventive behavior? Positive affect increased, and negative decreased over time. Demographic differences mirrored those from before the pandemic (e.g., younger participants reported more negative and less positive affect). Stressors such as feeling unwell, experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, exposure to COVID-19, and lack of sleep were associated with less positive and more negative affect. Exercising protective behaviors predicted future affect, and affect also predicted future protective behaviors (e.g., less protective behavior when happy but more when grateful and thoughtful). The implications for public health communication were discussed.
新冠疫情对全球人们的情绪体验产生了影响。我们利用一项基于全国移动应用程序的调查中的便利样本，对2020年5月/6月至2021年2月期间的每日积极和消极情绪进行了研究（N = 151,049；3,509,982条观测数据），该调查要求参与者报告每日情绪。我们研究了四个问题：（1）2020年5月/6月至2021年2月期间，美国民众的情绪如何？；（2）哪些人口统计学变量与积极和消极情绪相关？；（3）经历的压力源与每日情绪之间有什么关系？；（4）每日情绪与预防行为之间有什么关系？随着时间的推移，积极情绪增加，消极情绪减少。人口统计学差异反映了疫情前的情况（例如，年轻参与者报告的消极情绪更多，积极情绪更少）。诸如身体不适、出现新冠症状、接触新冠病毒和睡眠不足等压力源与较少的积极情绪和较多的消极情绪相关。采取保护行为可预测未来情绪，情绪也可预测未来的保护行为（例如，开心时保护行为较少，但感恩和体贴时保护行为较多）。我们还讨论了这些结果对公共卫生传播的启示。
