Auditory hallucinations in combat-related chronic posttraumatic stress disorder.

Intrusive images have been reported to occur in a broad range of people with posttraumatic stress disorder, but the frequency of intrusive auditory perceptions has rarely been addressed. This study compared five posttraumatic stress disorder veterans experiencing auditory hallucinations with 31 nonhallucinating veterans on demographic, military, postmilitary, and symptom variables. Veterans who reported auditory hallucinations had higher combat exposure and more intense posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms than the other veterans. These veterans also tended to be more refractory to treatment than veterans with no hallucinations. Clinical vignettes of the veterans with auditory hallucinations are given, and the implications of the results for a subgroup of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder veterans are discussed.