Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Braz J Med Biol Res. 2024 Jan 22;57:e13173. doi: 10.1590/1414-431X2023e13173. eCollection 2024.
Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that can cause oxidative stress in various organs, including the liver. Didymin is a dietary flavanone that displays multiple pharmacological activities. Therefore, the present study evaluated the palliative role of didymin against PS-NPs-induced hepatic damage in rats. Albino rats (n=48) were randomly distributed into 4 groups: control, PS-NPs treated group, PS-NPs + didymin co-administered group, and didymin supplemented group. After 30 days, PS-NPs intoxication lowered the expression of Nrf-2 and anti-oxidant genes [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)], whereas the expression of KEAP1 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap-1) was increased. PS-NPs exposure also reduced the activities of anti-oxidants enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx, GSR, GST, GSH, and OH-1), while malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were increased. The levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were increased in PS-NPs-exposed rats. Moreover, inflammatory indices [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)] were increased in PS-NPs-exposed rats. Furthermore, PS-NPs intoxication increased the expressions of apoptotic markers including Bax and Caspase-3, as well as reducing Bcl-2 expression. The histopathological analysis showed significant damage in PS-NPs-treated rats. However, didymin supplementation ameliorated all the PS-NPs-induced damage in the liver of rats. Therefore, it was concluded that didymin can act as a remedy against PS-NPs-induced liver toxicity due to its anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.
聚苯乙烯纳米塑料 (PS-NPs) 是一种普遍存在的环境污染物，可导致包括肝脏在内的各种器官发生氧化应激。二氢杨梅素是一种膳食类黄酮，具有多种药理活性。因此，本研究评估了二氢杨梅素对 PS-NPs 诱导的大鼠肝损伤的缓解作用。将白化大鼠 (n=48) 随机分为 4 组：对照组、PS-NPs 处理组、PS-NPs+二氢杨梅素共处理组和二氢杨梅素补充组。30 天后，PS-NPs 染毒降低了 Nrf-2 和抗氧化基因 [过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPx)、谷胱甘肽还原酶 (GSR)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶 (GST) 和血红素加氧酶-1 (HO-1)] 的表达，而 KEAP1 kelch 样 ECH 相关蛋白 1 (Keap-1) 的表达增加。PS-NPs 暴露还降低了抗氧化酶 (CAT、SOD、GPx、GSR、GST、GSH 和 OH-1) 的活性，同时增加了丙二醛 (MDA) 和活性氧 (ROS) 的水平。PS-NPs 暴露大鼠的丙氨酸氨基转移酶 (ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶 (AST) 和碱性磷酸酶 (ALP) 水平升高。此外，PS-NPs 暴露大鼠的炎症指标 [白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、核因子-κB (NF-κB) 和环氧化酶-2 (COX-2)] 升高。此外，PS-NPs 染毒增加了促凋亡标志物 Bax 和 Caspase-3 的表达，同时降低了 Bcl-2 的表达。组织病理学分析显示 PS-NPs 处理大鼠的肝脏有明显损伤。然而，二氢杨梅素的补充改善了 PS-NPs 诱导的大鼠肝脏损伤。因此，结论是二氢杨梅素可以作为一种补救措施，对抗 PS-NPs 诱导的肝脏毒性，因为它具有抗凋亡、抗氧化和抗炎作用。
