Mészárošová Lenka, Kuťáková Eliška, Kohout Petr, Münzbergová Zuzana, Baldrian Petr
Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 142 20, Czech Republic.
University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Praha 6, 166 28, Czech Republic.
Environ Microbiome. 2024 Jan 24;19(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s40793-024-00550-z.
Below-ground microbes mediate key ecosystem processes and play a vital role in plant nutrition and health. Understanding the composition of the belowground microbiome is therefore important for maintaining ecosystem stability. The structure of the belowground microbiome is largely determined by individual plants, but it is not clear how far their influence extends and, conversely, what the influence of other plants growing nearby is.
To determine the extent to which a focal host plant influences its soil and root microbiome when growing in a diverse community, we sampled the belowground bacterial and fungal communities of three plant species across a primary successional grassland sequence. The magnitude of the host effect on its belowground microbiome varied among microbial groups, soil and root habitats, and successional stages characterized by different levels of diversity of plant neighbours. Soil microbial communities were most strongly structured by sampling site and showed significant spatial patterns that were partially driven by soil chemistry. The influence of focal plant on soil microbiome was low but tended to increase with succession and increasing plant diversity. In contrast, root communities, particularly bacterial, were strongly structured by the focal plant species. Importantly, we also detected a significant effect of neighbouring plant community composition on bacteria and fungi associating with roots of the focal plants. The host influence on root microbiome varied across the successional grassland sequence and was highest in the most diverse site.
Our results show that in a species rich natural grassland, focal plant influence on the belowground microbiome depends on environmental context and is modulated by surrounding plant community. The influence of plant neighbours is particularly pronounced in root communities which may have multiple consequences for plant community productivity and stability, stressing the importance of plant diversity for ecosystem functioning.
地下微生物介导关键的生态系统过程，在植物营养与健康方面发挥着至关重要的作用。因此，了解地下微生物组的组成对于维持生态系统稳定性十分重要。地下微生物组的结构很大程度上由个体植物决定，但尚不清楚其影响范围有多广，反之，附近生长的其他植物的影响又是什么。
为了确定在多样化群落中生长时，目标宿主植物对其土壤和根系微生物组的影响程度，我们在一个原生演替草地序列中对三种植物物种的地下细菌和真菌群落进行了采样。宿主对其地下微生物组的影响程度在微生物类群、土壤和根系生境以及以不同植物邻居多样性水平为特征的演替阶段之间存在差异。土壤微生物群落受采样地点的影响最大，并呈现出显著的空间格局，部分是由土壤化学驱动的。目标植物对土壤微生物组的影响较小，但倾向于随着演替和植物多样性的增加而增加。相比之下，根系群落，尤其是细菌群落，受目标植物物种的影响很大。重要的是，我们还检测到邻近植物群落组成对焦植物根系相关细菌和真菌有显著影响。宿主对根系微生物组的影响在整个演替草地序列中有所不同，在多样性最高的地点影响最大。
我们的结果表明，在物种丰富的天然草地中，目标植物对地下微生物组的影响取决于环境背景，并受到周围植物群落的调节。植物邻居的影响在根系群落中尤为明显，这可能对植物群落生产力和稳定性产生多种影响，强调了植物多样性对生态系统功能的重要性。
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