Agarbati Alice, Gattucci Silvia, Canonico Laura, Ciani Maurizio, Comitini Francesca
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2024 Jan 26;108(1):175. doi: 10.1007/s00253-023-12942-1.
Honeybee (Apis mellifera) is an important agricultural pollinator and a model for sociality. In this study, a deep knowledge on yeast community characterizing the honeybees' environmental was carried out. For this, a total of 93 samples were collected: flowers as food sources, bee gut mycobiota, and bee products (bee pollen, bee bread, propolis), and processed using culture-dependent techniques and a molecular approach for identification. The occurrence of yeast populations was quantitatively similar among flowers, bee gut mycobiota, and bee products. Overall, 27 genera and 51 species were identified. Basidiomycetes genera were predominant in the flowers while the yeast genera detected in all environments were Aureobasidium, Filobasidium, Meyerozyma, and Metschnikowia. Fermenting species belonging to the genera Debaryomyces, Saccharomyces, Starmerella, Pichia, and Lachancea occurred mainly in the gut, while most of the identified species of bee products were not found in the gut mycobiota. Five yeast species, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Debaryomyces hansenii, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, and Starmerella roseus, were present in both summer and winter, thus indicating them as stable components of bee mycobiota. These findings can help understand the yeast community as a component of the bee gut microbiota and its relationship with related environments, since mycobiota characterization was still less unexplored. In addition, the gut microbiota, affecting the nutrition, endocrine signaling, immune function, and pathogen resistance of honeybees, represents a useful tool for its health evaluation and could be a possible source of functional yeasts. KEY POINTS: • The stable yeast populations are represented by M. guilliermondii, D. hansenii, H. uvarum, H. guilliermondii, and S. roseus. • A. pullulans was the most abondance yeast detective in the flowers and honeybee guts. • Aureobasidium, Meyerozyma, Pichia, and Hanseniaspora are the main genera resident in gut tract.
蜜蜂（西方蜜蜂）是重要的农业传粉者和社会性昆虫的典范。在本研究中，对表征蜜蜂生存环境的酵母群落进行了深入了解。为此，共收集了93个样本：作为食物来源的花朵、蜜蜂肠道微生物群和蜂产品（蜂花粉、蜂粮、蜂胶），并采用依赖培养的技术和分子方法进行处理以进行鉴定。花朵、蜜蜂肠道微生物群和蜂产品中酵母种群的出现数量相似。总体而言，鉴定出27个属和51个物种。担子菌属在花朵中占主导地位，而在所有环境中检测到的酵母属有 Aureobasidium、Filobasidium、Meyerozyma 和 Metschnikowia。属于德巴利酵母属、酿酒酵母属、斯塔默酵母属、毕赤酵母属和拉赫尚酵母属的发酵型物种主要出现在肠道中，而在蜂产品中鉴定出的大多数物种在肠道微生物群中未被发现。季也蒙毕赤酵母、汉逊德巴利酵母、葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母、季也蒙有孢汉逊酵母和玫瑰斯塔默酵母这五个酵母物种在夏季和冬季均有出现，因此表明它们是蜜蜂微生物群的稳定组成部分。这些发现有助于将酵母群落理解为蜜蜂肠道微生物群的一个组成部分及其与相关环境的关系，因为微生物群的表征仍有待进一步探索。此外，肠道微生物群影响蜜蜂的营养、内分泌信号传导、免疫功能和病原体抗性，是评估蜜蜂健康的有用工具，并且可能是功能性酵母的一个潜在来源。关键点：• 稳定的酵母种群由季也蒙毕赤酵母、汉逊德巴利酵母、葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母、季也蒙有孢汉逊酵母和玫瑰斯塔默酵母代表。• 出芽短梗霉是在花朵和蜜蜂肠道中检测到的数量最多的酵母。• Aureobasidium、Meyerozyma、毕赤酵母属和有孢汉逊酵母属是肠道中的主要常驻属。
