School of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Sports Med. 2024 May;54(5):1163-1178. doi: 10.1007/s40279-023-01984-0. Epub 2024 Jan 27.
Historically, kinematic measures have been compared across injured and non-injured groups of runners, failing to take into account variability in kinematic patterns that exist independent of injury, and resulting in false positives. Research led by gait patterns and not pre-defined injury status is called for, to better understand running-related injury (RRI) aetiology and within- and between-group variability.
Synthesise evidence for the existence of distinct kinematic sub-groups across a population of injured and healthy runners and assess between-group variability in kinematics, demographics and injury incidence.
Electronic database search: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley), Embase, OVID, Scopus.
Original, peer-reviewed, research articles, published from database start to August 2022 and limited to English language were searched for quantitative and mixed-methods full-text studies that clustered injured runners according to kinematic variables.
Five studies (n = 690) were included in the review. All studies detected the presence of distinct kinematic sub-groups of runners through cluster analysis. Sub-groups were defined by multiple differences in hip, knee and foot kinematics. Sex, step rate and running speed also varied significantly between groups. Random injury dispersal across sub-groups suggests no strong evidence for an association between kinematic sub-groups and injury type or location.
Sub-groups containing homogeneous gait patterns exist across healthy and injured populations of runners. It is likely that a single injury may be represented by multiple movement patterns, and therefore kinematics may not predict injury risk. Research to better understand the underlying causes of kinematic variability, and their associations with RRI, is warranted.
从历史上看，运动学测量值在受伤和未受伤的跑步者群体之间进行了比较，没有考虑到与损伤无关的运动模式的可变性，从而导致了假阳性。需要根据步态模式而不是预先定义的损伤状态进行研究，以更好地了解与跑步相关的损伤（RRI）的发病机制以及组内和组间的可变性。
综合受伤和健康跑步者人群中存在明显运动学亚组的证据，并评估运动学、人口统计学和损伤发生率方面的组间可变性。
电子数据库搜索：PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane 对照试验中心注册库（Wiley）、Embase、OVID、Scopus。
原始的、经过同行评审的研究文章，发表时间从数据库开始到 2022 年 8 月，仅限于英文语言，搜索了根据运动学变量对受伤跑步者进行聚类的定量和混合方法的全文研究。
综述纳入了 5 项研究（n=690）。所有研究都通过聚类分析发现了跑步者存在明显的运动学亚组。亚组通过髋关节、膝关节和足部运动学的多种差异来定义。性别、步频和跑步速度在组间也有显著差异。亚组之间随机分布的损伤表明，运动学亚组与损伤类型或部位之间没有很强的关联证据。
在健康和受伤的跑步者人群中存在包含同质步态模式的亚组。可能一个单一的损伤可以由多种运动模式来代表，因此运动学可能无法预测损伤风险。有必要进行研究以更好地了解运动学可变性的潜在原因及其与 RRI 的关联。
