Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Universitätsstrasse 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
Department of Computer Science, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Behav Res Methods. 2024 Apr;56(4):3560-3577. doi: 10.3758/s13428-024-02336-0. Epub 2024 Jan 30.
Selecting appropriate musical stimuli to induce specific emotions represents a recurring challenge in music and emotion research. Most existing stimuli have been categorized according to taxonomies derived from general emotion models (e.g., basic emotions, affective circumplex), have been rated for perceived emotions, and are rarely defined in terms of interrater agreement. To redress these limitations, we present research that served in the development of a new interactive online database, including an initial set of 364 music excerpts from three different genres (classical, pop, and hip/hop) that were rated for felt emotion using the Geneva Emotion Music Scale (GEMS), a music-specific emotion scale. The sample comprised 517 English- and German-speaking participants and each excerpt was rated by an average of 28.76 participants (SD = 7.99). Data analyses focused on research questions that are of particular relevance for musical database development, notably the number of raters required to obtain stable estimates of emotional effects of music and the adequacy of the GEMS as a tool for describing music-evoked emotions across three prominent music genres. Overall, our findings suggest that 10-20 raters are sufficient to obtain stable estimates of emotional effects of music excerpts in most cases, and that the GEMS shows promise as a valid and comprehensive annotation tool for music databases.
选择合适的音乐刺激来引发特定的情绪是音乐和情感研究中反复出现的挑战。大多数现有的刺激物都是根据源于一般情感模型的分类法（例如基本情感、情感双因素模型）进行分类的，已经针对感知到的情感进行了评分，而且很少根据评分者间的一致性进行定义。为了弥补这些局限性，我们提出了一项研究，该研究服务于一个新的交互式在线数据库的开发，其中包括一个最初的 364 个音乐片段集，来自三个不同的流派（古典、流行和嘻哈），使用日内瓦情感音乐量表（GEMS）对情感进行评分，这是一种专门用于描述音乐情感的量表。该样本由 517 名讲英语和德语的参与者组成，每个片段的平均评分人数为 28.76 人（SD=7.99）。数据分析集中于对音乐数据库开发特别相关的研究问题，特别是获得音乐情感影响的稳定估计所需的评分者人数，以及 GEMS 作为描述三种主要音乐流派中音乐引发的情感的有效工具的充分性。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，在大多数情况下，需要 10-20 名评分者才能获得音乐片段情感影响的稳定估计，而且 GEMS 有望成为音乐数据库的有效且全面的注释工具。
