膳食碳水化合物类型、遗传易感性与成人哮喘发病风险：一项纵向队列研究。

Dietary carbohydrate types, genetic predisposition, and risk of adult-onset asthma: A longitudinal cohort study.

作者信息

Zhang Hehua, Zhang Xiangsu, Yang Huijun, Yang Honghao, Zhang Tingjing, Chen Liangkai, Zhao Yuhong, Xia Yang

机构信息

Clinical Trials and Translation Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Graduate School of China Medical University, Puhe Road No.77, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110122, China.

出版信息

Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Mar;261(Pt 1):129824. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129824. Epub 2024 Jan 28.

DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129824

PMID:38290630

Abstract

We aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations among carbohydrate intake types, genetic predisposition, and risk adult onset asthma (AOA). A dataset of 96,487 participants from UK Biobank was included with 1830 cases of incident AOA during an average follow-up of 9.68 years. Participants with the highest intake of total sugar, free sugar, and fiber intake, as compared to those with the lowest intake of total sugar, free sugar, and fiber intake, showed a 17 % and 22 % increased risk of incident AOA, and a 16 % decreased risk of AOA, respectively. Substitution of 5 % energy from free sugars with 5 % energy from non-free sugars was associated with a significantly lower risk of AOA (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 0.93, 95 % Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.88, 0.99). Participants with high genetic risk and the highest intake of free sugar showed a 112 % (HR = 2.12, 95%CI: 1.68, 2.68) increased risk of incident AOA. Participants with low genetic risk and highest intake of fiber showed a 50 % (HR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.39, 0.64) reduced risk of AOA. This study highlights the critical role of carbohydrate types in AOA prevention, with an emphasis on reduced free sugar, moderate non-free sugar, and increased fiber intake.

摘要

我们旨在研究碳水化合物摄入类型、遗传易感性与成人迟发性哮喘（AOA）风险之间的纵向关联。研究纳入了英国生物银行96487名参与者的数据，在平均9.68年的随访期间有1830例新发AOA病例。与总糖、游离糖和纤维摄入量最低的参与者相比，总糖、游离糖摄入量最高且纤维摄入量最高的参与者发生AOA的风险分别增加了17%和22%，而AOA风险降低了16%。用5%能量的非游离糖替代5%能量的游离糖与AOA风险显著降低相关（风险比[HR]=0.93，95%置信区间[CI]：0.88，0.99）。遗传风险高且游离糖摄入量最高的参与者发生AOA的风险增加了112%（HR=2.12，95%CI：1.68，2.68）。遗传风险低且纤维摄入量最高的参与者AOA风险降低了50%（HR=0.50，95%CI：0.39，0.64）。本研究强调了碳水化合物类型在预防AOA中的关键作用，重点是减少游离糖、适度摄入非游离糖和增加纤维摄入量。