Fachbereich Psychologie, Paris-Lodron Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Br J Health Psychol. 2024 Sep;29(3):576-588. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12714. Epub 2024 Jan 30.
A healthy diet is essential for preventing chronic disease and promoting overall health. Translating one's intention to eat healthy into actual behaviour has, however, proven difficult with a range of internal and contextual factors identified as driving eating behaviour.
We leverage Temporal Self-Regulation Theory to examine these momentary determinants' direct and moderating effects on the intention-behaviour relation with Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA).
Eighty-seven healthy participants (m = 24.1 years; 59 women, 28 men) reported, 5 times daily for 10 weekdays, their intentions to stick to a self-set dietary restriction goal for the next 3 hr, the goal congruency of their eating behaviour in the past 3 hr, and a range of factors potentially influencing food intake, such as stress, emotions and environmental eating cues.
Two-part multilevel modelling revealed that craving, availability of goal-incongruent foods, social eating cues, giving in to other temptations and weaker momentary intentions directly increased the risk and severity of goal-incongruent intake within the next 3 hr. Social cues, stress and craving further influence behaviour through altering intention implementation.
Results imply that people regularly fail to implement intentions for 3-hr periods and that a range of factors influences this, both directly and by disrupting intentional processes. While for some barriers, fostering strong intentions throughout the day could be beneficial, others require different strategies for dietary adherence.
健康饮食对于预防慢性病和促进整体健康至关重要。然而，将人们健康饮食的意愿转化为实际行为一直具有挑战性，一系列内部和情境因素被认为是影响饮食行为的因素。
我们利用时间自我调节理论，通过生态瞬时评估（EMA）检验这些瞬间决定因素对意图-行为关系的直接和调节作用。
87 名健康参与者（m=24.1 岁；59 名女性，28 名男性）报告了他们在接下来的 3 小时内坚持自我设定的饮食限制目标的意愿，以及过去 3 小时内饮食行为与目标的一致性，以及一系列可能影响食物摄入的因素，如压力、情绪和环境饮食线索。
两部分多层次模型显示，渴望、目标不一致食物的可获得性、社交饮食线索、屈服于其他诱惑以及较弱的即时意图直接增加了未来 3 小时内目标不一致摄入的风险和严重程度。社交线索、压力和渴望通过改变意图的实施进一步影响行为。
结果表明，人们经常在 3 小时的时间段内无法实施意图，并且一系列因素直接和通过破坏意图过程来影响行为。虽然对于一些障碍来说，全天培养强烈的意图可能是有益的，但对于其他障碍则需要采取不同的饮食遵守策略。
