Infectious Diseases Department, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital of Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Front Public Health. 2024 Jan 16;11:1258095. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1258095. eCollection 2023.
Persons with substance use disorder are at increased risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Although most of them are attached to social health centers, the vaccination rate in this group is low. In this context, we designed a study to evaluate the prevalence of users of drug addiction centers (DAC) not immunized against hepatitis B and to compare the rate of vaccination against hepatitis B with the rate of immunization against SARS-Cov-2 in 2 years of follow-up.
Retrospective study that included individuals attended at DAC. Patients were screened at baseline (June 2020-January 2021) for HBV immunization. Individuals with HBsAb < 10 IU/mL were recommended to receive hepatitis B vaccine, during follow-up (January 2021-October 2022). At the end of follow-up, the HBV vaccination rate among candidates was determined and compared with the vaccination rate against SARS-Cov-2 in this population in the same period.
A total of 325 subjects were surveyed and tested. At baseline, the 65% (211/325) of were candidates to initiate vaccination and were advisor to HBV vaccination. During the follow-up 15 individuals received at least one dose of HBV vaccine, supposing a vaccination rate of 7.2%. In the same period, 186 individuals received at least one dose against SARS-Cov-2, representing a vaccination rate of 83%. The comparison between vaccination rates reached statistically significant ( < 0.001).
Our study manifests a low rate of immunization against HBV in DAC users, despite a high level of immunization for SARS-Cov-2 during the same period in the same population. Consequently, the lack of immunization against HVB in this population might be related with health policy issue more than to individuals linked to care and awareness. A similar approach for vaccination intended for SARS-CoV2 should be applied in high-risk population to warrant the success of immunization program against other preventable diseases such as HBV.
患有物质使用障碍的人感染乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 的风险增加。尽管他们大多数都在社会健康中心接受治疗，但该人群的疫苗接种率较低。在这种情况下，我们设计了一项研究，以评估未接种乙型肝炎疫苗的药物滥用中心 (DAC) 使用者的患病率，并在 2 年的随访中比较乙型肝炎疫苗接种率与 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种率。
回顾性研究，纳入在 DAC 就诊的个体。患者在基线（2020 年 6 月-2021 年 1 月）接受 HBV 免疫筛查。HBsAb < 10 IU/mL 的个体被建议在随访期间（2021 年 1 月-2022 年 10 月）接种乙型肝炎疫苗。随访结束时，确定候选人群的 HBV 疫苗接种率，并与同期该人群接种 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗的接种率进行比较。
共调查了 325 名受试者并进行了检测。基线时，65%（211/325）的受试者为接种疫苗候选者，并被建议接种 HBV 疫苗。随访期间，有 15 名个体至少接种了一剂 HBV 疫苗，接种率为 7.2%。同期，有 186 名个体至少接种了一剂 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗，接种率为 83%。接种率的比较具有统计学意义（<0.001）。
尽管同期同一人群对 SARS-CoV-2 的免疫接种率较高，但我们的研究表明，DAC 用户对 HBV 的免疫接种率较低。因此，该人群缺乏对 HBV 的免疫接种可能与卫生政策问题有关，而不是与接受治疗和意识相关的个体有关。应针对高危人群采取类似的 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种方法，以确保针对其他可预防疾病（如 HBV）的免疫接种计划取得成功。
