Rutter Paul, Barnes Nicola
School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael's Building, White Swan Road, PO1 2DT, UK.
Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm. 2023 Dec 28;13:100404. doi: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100404. eCollection 2024 Mar.
In England, almost all the population are within a short walk of a community pharmacy. This network of pharmacies provides a range of services, most of which are commissioned and remunerated through a nationally agreed contract with the National Health Service (NHS). Over time this contract has seen funding move from the traditional core service of dispensing medicines, toward patient-facing clinical services. All of these services have elements of self-care built in to the service specification, which pharmacists are mandated to deliver. These services significantly expand the role of the community pharmacist beyond facilitating self-care by supplying "over the counter" (OTC) medication. The increased public health role, where promotion of healthy living and prevention of disease is now seen as an essential activity by and for pharmacists. Changes to UK health policy, where the focus has been on delivering care closer to the patients' home, means community pharmacists have an increasing role in the effective management of acute and long-term conditions. The most recent contract afforded to pharmacy has now started to integrate pharmacy services with medical services, in both primary and secondary care, in attempt to provide greater continuity for the patient. It is very likely that self-care activities provided by community pharmacy will expand further, especially around the management of long-term conditions as the pharmacy workforce transitions in to having prescribing rights for medicines other than non-prescription medicines.
在英国，几乎所有民众都居住在距离社区药房很近的地方，步行即可到达。这个药房网络提供一系列服务，其中大部分服务是通过与国民医疗服务体系（NHS）签订的全国性协议合同来委托和支付费用的。随着时间的推移，这份合同见证了资金从传统的配药核心服务，转向面向患者的临床服务。所有这些服务在服务规范中都融入了自我护理元素，药剂师必须提供这些服务。这些服务显著扩大了社区药剂师的职责范围，而不仅仅是通过供应“非处方药”（OTC）来促进自我护理。药剂师在促进健康生活和预防疾病方面的公共卫生作用日益增强，现在这被视为药剂师的一项基本活动。英国卫生政策的变化，重点是在更靠近患者家的地方提供护理，这意味着社区药剂师在急性和长期病症的有效管理中发挥着越来越重要的作用。最近给予药房的合同现已开始将药房服务与初级和二级医疗服务相结合，试图为患者提供更大的连续性。随着药房工作人员转变为拥有非处方药以外药品的处方权，社区药房提供的自我护理活动很可能会进一步扩大，尤其是在长期病症的管理方面。
