Lockwood C M
Clin Nephrol. 1986;26 Suppl 1:S76-80.
Glomerulonephritis is the commonest cause of renal failure, yet there is little understanding as to its etiology except that immunological mechanisms are thought to be important. This has considerably hampered efforts to develop appropriate treatment. Only in rapidly progressive nephritis (RPGN) has clear progress been made as a result a radical improvement in prognosis obtained. In some forms of RPGN aberrant immunological mechanisms have been identified and their components characterized. The best defined are those in which auto-immune responses are generated and lead directly or indirectly to renal injury. As yet, only humoral auto-immune responses are easy to characterize in man; technical difficulties surround attempts to identify cellular auto-immune reactants. However, both can be investigated in animal experimental models. This presentation will focus on the more recent studies of the auto-immune responses in human RPGN and the possible contribution that these (together with those derived from animal studies) make towards a better understanding of the treatment of glomerulonephritis.
肾小球肾炎是肾衰竭最常见的病因，但除了认为免疫机制很重要外，对其病因了解甚少。这极大地阻碍了开发适当治疗方法的努力。仅在急进性肾炎（RPGN）方面取得了明显进展，从而使预后得到了根本改善。在某些形式的RPGN中，已经确定了异常的免疫机制并对其组成部分进行了表征。最明确的是那些产生自身免疫反应并直接或间接导致肾损伤的机制。迄今为止，在人类中仅体液自身免疫反应易于表征；鉴定细胞自身免疫反应物的尝试存在技术困难。然而，两者都可以在动物实验模型中进行研究。本报告将重点关注人类RPGN自身免疫反应的最新研究，以及这些研究（连同动物研究所得出的结果）对更好地理解肾小球肾炎治疗可能做出的贡献。
