Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Environ Res. 2024 May 1;248:118355. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118355. Epub 2024 Jan 29.
Placental function is essential for fetal development, but it may be susceptible to malnutrition and environmental stressors.
To assess the impact of toxic and essential trace elements in placenta on placental function.
Toxic metals (cadmium, lead, mercury, cobalt) and essential elements (copper, manganese, zinc, selenium) were measured in placenta of 406 pregnant women in northern Sweden using ICP-MS. Placental weight and birth weight were obtained from hospital records and fetoplacental weight ratio was used to estimate placental efficiency. Placental relative telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) were determined by quantitative PCR (n = 285). Single exposure-outcome associations were evaluated using linear or spline regression, and joint associations and interactions with Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), all adjusted for sex, maternal smoking, and age or BMI.
Median cadmium, mercury, lead, cobalt, copper, manganese, zinc, and selenium concentrations in placenta were 3.2, 1.8, 4.3, 2.3, 1058, 66, 10626, and 166 μg/kg, respectively. In the adjusted regression, selenium (>147 μg/kg) was inversely associated with placental weight (B: -158; 95 % CI: -246, -71, per doubling), as was lead at low selenium (B: -23.6; 95 % CI: -43.2, -4.0, per doubling). Manganese was positively associated with placental weight (B: 41; 95 % CI: 5.9, 77, per doubling) and inversely associated with placental efficiency (B: -0.01; 95 % CI: -0.019, -0.004, per doubling). Cobalt was inversely associated with mtDNAcn (B: -11; 95 % CI: -20, -0.018, per doubling), whereas all essential elements were positively associated with mtDNAcn, individually and joint.
Among the toxic metals, lead appeared to negatively impact placental weight and cobalt decreased placental mtDNAcn. Joint essential element concentrations increased placental mtDNAcn. Manganese also appeared to increase placental weight, but not birth weight. The inverse association of selenium with placental weight may reflect increased transport of selenium to the fetus in late gestation.
胎盘功能对于胎儿发育至关重要，但它可能易受营养不良和环境应激源的影响。
评估胎盘中毒素和必需微量元素对胎盘功能的影响。
使用 ICP-MS 检测了瑞典北部 406 名孕妇胎盘内的有毒金属（镉、铅、汞、钴）和必需元素（铜、锰、锌、硒）。从医院记录中获得胎盘重量和出生体重，并使用胎-胎盘重量比来估计胎盘效率。通过定量 PCR 确定胎盘相对端粒长度（TL）和线粒体 DNA 拷贝数（mtDNAcn）（n=285）。使用线性或样条回归评估单一暴露-结局关联，并使用贝叶斯核机器回归（BKMR）进行联合关联和交互作用分析，所有关联均调整了性别、母亲吸烟和年龄或 BMI。
胎盘内镉、汞、铅、钴、铜、锰、锌和硒的中位数浓度分别为 3.2、1.8、4.3、2.3、1058、66、10626 和 166μg/kg。在调整后的回归中，硒（>147μg/kg）与胎盘重量呈负相关（B：-158；95%CI：-246，-71，每翻倍），低硒时铅也呈负相关（B：-23.6；95%CI：-43.2，-4.0，每翻倍）。锰与胎盘重量呈正相关（B：41；95%CI：5.9，77，每翻倍），与胎盘效率呈负相关（B：-0.01；95%CI：-0.019，-0.004，每翻倍）。钴与 mtDNAcn 呈负相关（B：-11；95%CI：-20，-0.018，每翻倍），而所有必需元素单独和联合均与 mtDNAcn 呈正相关。
在有毒金属中，铅似乎对胎盘重量有负面影响，而钴则降低了胎盘 mtDNAcn。必需元素浓度的联合增加了胎盘 mtDNAcn。锰似乎也增加了胎盘重量，但不增加出生体重。硒与胎盘重量呈负相关，这可能反映了晚期妊娠时硒向胎儿的转运增加。
