Understanding Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: An Update.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a novel technology that uses infrared light to noninvasively and continuously measure regional oxygen extraction in real time at the bedside. Neonatal research using this device supports its use as an adjunct to routine cardiovascular monitoring because NIRS serves as a surrogate marker for end-organ perfusion and can detect minute changes in cerebral, intestinal, and kidney tissue beds. Multiple conditions affecting premature infants are frequently associated with hypoperfusion; therefore, methods to detect early tissue-specific perfusion alterations may substantially improve the clinician's ability to intervene and prevent further deterioration.