Martini Silvia, Corvaglia Luigi
Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
J Perinatol. 2018 May;38(5):431-443. doi: 10.1038/s41372-018-0075-1. Epub 2018 Feb 22.
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides a non-invasive, continuous monitoring of regional tissue oxygenation. NIRS assessment of neonatal splanchnic oxygenation (SrSO) has gained increasing interest over the last decade, as local hypoxia and ischemia underlie the most feared gut complications in neonates. Current literature provides encouraging evidence in support of SrSO reliability in detecting mesenteric hemodynamic changes related to various physiological and pathological conditions in-term and preterm infants. Even so, while splanchnic NIRS monitoring looks promising for investigating gut physiopathology in research settings, further studies are needed to evaluate its feasibility as a routine monitoring tool in neonatal care and to investigate its potential role in clinical decision making. After a brief introduction to NIRS technical principles, this review aims to provide a complete overview of current neonatal applications for splanchnic NIRS monitoring, to discuss its possible limitations and to suggest future directions for research and clinical applications.
近红外光谱技术（NIRS）可对局部组织氧合进行无创、连续监测。在过去十年中，NIRS对新生儿内脏氧合（SrSO）的评估越来越受到关注，因为局部缺氧和缺血是新生儿最可怕的肠道并发症的根本原因。目前的文献提供了令人鼓舞的证据，支持SrSO在检测足月儿和早产儿各种生理和病理状况相关的肠系膜血流动力学变化方面的可靠性。即便如此，虽然内脏NIRS监测在研究环境中对研究肠道生理病理学看起来很有前景，但仍需要进一步研究来评估其作为新生儿护理常规监测工具的可行性，并研究其在临床决策中的潜在作用。在简要介绍NIRS技术原理之后，本综述旨在全面概述目前内脏NIRS监测在新生儿中的应用，讨论其可能存在的局限性，并提出未来研究和临床应用的方向。
