Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India.
Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India.
Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem. 2024;24(2):166-181. doi: 10.2174/0118715249269050231129103002.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating form of dementia that primarily affects cholinergic neurons in the brain, significantly reducing an individual's capacity for learning and creative skills and ultimately resulting in an inability to carry out even basic daily tasks. As the elderly population is exponentially increasing, the disease has become a significant concern for society. Therefore, neuroprotective substances have garnered considerable interest in addressing this universal issue. Studies have shown that oxidative damage to neurons contributes to the pathophysiological processes underlying AD progression. In AD, tau phosphorylation and glutamate excitotoxicity may play essential roles, but no permanent cure for AD is available. The existing therapies only manage the early symptoms of AD and often come with numerous side effects and toxicities. To address these challenges, researchers have turned to nature and explored various sources such as plants, animals, and marine organisms. Many historic holy books from different cultures emphasize that adding marine compounds to the regular diet enhances brain function and mitigates its decline. Consequently, researchers have devoted significant time to identifying potentially active neuroprotective substances from marine sources. Marine-derived compounds are gaining recognition due to their abundant supply of diverse chemical compounds with biological and pharmacological potential and unique mechanisms of action. Several studies have reported that plants exhibit multitarget potential in treating AD. In light of this, the current study focuses on marine-derived components with excellent potential for treating this neurodegenerative disease.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种使人衰弱的痴呆症，主要影响大脑中的胆碱能神经元，极大地降低了个体的学习和创造技能能力，最终导致无法进行甚至是最基本的日常任务。随着老年人口的指数级增长，这种疾病已成为社会的一个重大关注点。因此，神经保护物质在解决这一普遍问题方面引起了相当大的兴趣。研究表明，神经元的氧化损伤是 AD 进展的病理生理过程的基础。在 AD 中，tau 磷酸化和谷氨酸兴奋性毒性可能发挥着重要作用，但目前尚无针对 AD 的永久性治愈方法。现有的疗法只能治疗 AD 的早期症状，而且往往伴随着许多副作用和毒性。为了解决这些挑战，研究人员转向大自然，探索了各种来源，如植物、动物和海洋生物。来自不同文化的许多历史悠久的圣书都强调，在日常饮食中添加海洋化合物可以增强大脑功能并减轻其衰退。因此，研究人员投入了大量时间来从海洋来源中识别潜在的活性神经保护物质。海洋衍生化合物由于其丰富的供应、具有生物和药理学潜力的多样化化合物以及独特的作用机制而受到关注。有几项研究报告称，植物在治疗 AD 方面表现出多靶点潜力。有鉴于此，本研究重点关注具有治疗这种神经退行性疾病巨大潜力的海洋衍生成分。
