Monteiro Vânia, Dias da Silva Diana, Martins Marta, Guedes de Pinho Paula, Pinto Joana
Associate Laboratory i4HB ‒ Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO ‒ Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
Associate Laboratory i4HB ‒ Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO ‒ Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; 1H-TOXRUN - One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU CRL, Rua Central de Gandra, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
Environ Res. 2024 May 15;249:118394. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118394. Epub 2024 Feb 1.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent persistent environmental pollutants ubiquitously distributed in the environment. Their presence alongside various other contaminants gives rise to intricate interactions, culminating in profound deleterious consequences. The combination effects of different PAH mixtures on biota remains a relatively unexplored domain. Recent studies have harnessed the exceptional sensitivity of metabolomic techniques to unveil the significant ecotoxicological perils of PAH pollution confronting both human populations and ecosystems. This article furnishes a comprehensive overview of current literature focused on the metabolic repercussions stemming from exposure to complex mixtures of PAHs or PAH-pollution sources using metabolomics approaches. These insights are obtained through a wide range of models, including in vitro assessments, animal studies, investigations on human subjects, botanical specimens, and soil environments. The findings underscore that PAH mixtures induce cellular stress responses and systemic effects, leading to metabolic dysregulations in amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and other key metabolites (e.g., organic acids, purines), with specific variations observed based on the organism and PAH compounds involved. Additionally, the ecological consequences of PAH pollutants on plant and soil microbial responses are emphasized, revealing significant changes in stress-related metabolites and nutrient cycling in soil ecosystems. The complex interplay of various PAHs and their metabolic effects on several models, as elucidated through metabolomics, highlight the urgency of further research and the need for comprehensive strategies to mitigate the risks posed by these widespread environmental pollutants.
多环芳烃（PAHs）是持久性环境污染物，广泛分布于环境中。它们与各种其他污染物共存，引发复杂的相互作用，最终导致严重的有害后果。不同PAH混合物对生物群的联合效应仍是一个相对未被探索的领域。最近的研究利用代谢组学技术的非凡敏感性，揭示了PAH污染对人类和生态系统构成的重大生态毒理学风险。本文全面概述了当前文献，这些文献聚焦于使用代谢组学方法，研究暴露于复杂PAH混合物或PAH污染源所产生的代谢影响。这些见解是通过广泛的模型获得的，包括体外评估、动物研究、人体研究、植物标本研究以及土壤环境研究。研究结果强调，PAH混合物会引发细胞应激反应和全身效应，导致氨基酸、碳水化合物、脂质和其他关键代谢物（如有机酸、嘌呤）的代谢失调，具体变化因所涉及的生物体和PAH化合物而异。此外，还强调了PAH污染物对植物和土壤微生物反应的生态影响，揭示了土壤生态系统中与应激相关的代谢物和养分循环的显著变化。通过代谢组学阐明的各种PAHs之间的复杂相互作用及其对多种模型的代谢影响，凸显了进一步研究的紧迫性以及制定综合策略以减轻这些广泛存在的环境污染物所带来风险的必要性。
