Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; NorHEAD - Norwegian Center for Headache Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; NorHEAD - Norwegian Center for Headache Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2024;199:67-86. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-823357-3.00009-4.
Migraine headache is highly prevalent and the most common neurologic disorder, affecting one billion people worldwide. It is also the most disabling condition in people under 50, with a huge impact on working ability, family, and social life. Access to effective preventive medication is important and may be considered if the patient has 6 or more migraine days per month, ineffective abortive agents, or disability on 2 or more days per month. Propranolol, metoprolol, candesartan, topiramate, divalproex, lisinopril, amitriptyline, and venlafaxine have the strongest evidence to support for use. Flunarizine and pizotifen may also be effective. Selection of preventive treatments is based on individual characteristics, comorbid conditions, efficacy, contraindications, side effects, cost, compliance, and drug. An adequate trial of migraine prophylaxis is usually 2 months at the target dose, and it is always important to re-evaluate indication for prophylactic use after a period of time.
偏头痛是一种非常普遍且常见的神经疾病,影响着全球十亿人口。它也是 50 岁以下人群中最致残的疾病,对工作能力、家庭和社会生活都有巨大影响。如果患者每月偏头痛发作 6 天或以上、使用无效的偏头痛急性治疗药物或每月有 2 天或以上残疾,就需要使用有效的预防药物。普萘洛尔、美托洛尔、坎地沙坦、托吡酯、丙戊酸钠、赖诺普利、阿米替林和文拉法辛有最强的使用证据支持。氟桂利嗪和哌唑嗪也可能有效。预防治疗的选择基于个体特征、合并症、疗效、禁忌证、副作用、成本、依从性和药物。偏头痛预防治疗的充分试验通常是在目标剂量下进行 2 个月,在一段时间后重新评估预防性使用的适应证始终很重要。