在 COVID-19 大流行期间，老年人的一般自我效能感而非肌肉骨骼健康与社交隔离和孤独感相关：赫特福德郡队列研究的结果。
General self-efficacy, not musculoskeletal health, was associated with social isolation and loneliness in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study.
机构信息
Medical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
出版信息
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2024 Feb 3;36(1):20. doi: 10.1007/s40520-023-02676-5.
BACKGROUND
Social isolation and loneliness are prevalent among older adults. This study investigated factors influencing worsening social isolation and loneliness in community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on musculoskeletal conditions, falls, and fractures.
METHODS
We studied 153 participants from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Baseline assessments (2019-20) included osteoporosis, clinical osteoarthritis, fractures after age 45 years, falls in previous year, and lifestyle factors. Self-efficacy was assessed using a shortened General Self-Efficacy Scale. Social isolation was assessed using the 6-item Lubben Social Network Scale. Follow-up (2020-21) assessments included social isolation and loneliness using the 6-item De Jong-Gierveld scale for emotional, social, and overall loneliness.
RESULTS
Baseline median age was 83.1 years. A history of smoking predicted worsening social isolation (p = 0.046). Being married (p = 0.026) and higher self-efficacy scores (p = 0.03) predicted reduced social isolation at follow-up. Greater alcohol consumption was associated with higher overall loneliness (p = 0.026). Being married was related to a 36% (95% CI: 3%, 58%) reduction in emotional loneliness (p = 0.037). No musculoskeletal condition was associated with social isolation or loneliness. However, we observed a 22% (14%, 30%; p < 0.001) reduction in emotional loneliness and a 12% (4%, 20%; p = 0.003) reduction in overall loneliness per unit increase in self-efficacy score.
CONCLUSIONS
No musculoskeletal condition was associated with increased social isolation or loneliness, but longitudinal studies in larger samples are required. Greater self-efficacy was associated with reduced social isolation and reduced loneliness. Interventions promoting self-efficacy in older adults may reduce isolation and loneliness in this age group.
背景
社交隔离和孤独在老年人中很普遍。本研究调查了在 COVID-19 大流行期间影响社区居住的老年人社交隔离和孤独状况恶化的因素，重点关注肌肉骨骼状况、跌倒和骨折。
方法
我们研究了来自赫特福德郡队列研究的 153 名参与者。基线评估（2019-20 年）包括骨质疏松症、临床骨关节炎、45 岁后骨折、前一年跌倒和生活方式因素。使用缩短的一般自我效能感量表评估自我效能。使用 Lubben 社会网络量表的 6 项评估社交隔离。随访（2020-21 年）评估包括使用 Jong-Gierveld 量表的 6 项评估情绪、社交和整体孤独的社会隔离和孤独。
结果
基线中位年龄为 83.1 岁。吸烟史预测社交隔离恶化（p=0.046）。已婚（p=0.026）和更高的自我效能评分（p=0.03）预测随访时社交隔离减少。饮酒量越大，整体孤独感越高（p=0.026）。已婚与情绪孤独感降低 36%（95%CI：3%，58%）相关（p=0.037）。没有肌肉骨骼状况与社交隔离或孤独相关。然而，我们观察到自我效能评分每增加一个单位，情绪孤独感降低 22%（14%，30%；p<0.001），整体孤独感降低 12%（4%，20%；p=0.003）。
结论
没有肌肉骨骼状况与社交隔离或孤独感增加相关，但需要在更大样本的纵向研究中进行。更高的自我效能感与社交隔离减少和孤独感降低相关。在老年人中促进自我效能感的干预措施可能会减少这一年龄组的孤立和孤独感。
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