Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding I, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
Global Crop Diversity Trust, Bonn, Germany.
J Sci Food Agric. 2024 May;104(7):4400-4410. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.13328. Epub 2024 Feb 6.
Wild relatives of wheat (Triticum spp.) harbor beneficial alleles for potential improvement and de novo domestication of selected genotypes with advantageous traits. We analyzed the nutrient composition in wild diploid and tetraploid wheats and their domesticated diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid relatives under field conditions in Germany and compared them with modern Triticum aestivum and Triticum durum cultivars. Grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentrations, phytate:mineral molar ratios, grain protein content (GPC) and antioxidant activity were analyzed across 125 genotypes.
Grain Fe and Zn concentrations in wild wheats were 72 mg kg and 59 mg kg, respectively, with improved bioavailability indicated by Phytate:Fe and Phytate:Zn molar ratios (11.7 and 16.9, respectively) and GPC (231 g kg). By comparison, grain Fe and Zn concentrations in landrace taxa were 54 mg kg and 55 mg kg, respectively, with lower Phytate:Fe and Phytate:Zn molar ratios (15.1 and 17.5, respectively) and GPC (178 g kg). Average grain Fe accumulation in Triticum araraticum was 73 mg kg, reaching 116 mg kg, with high Fe bioavailability (Phyt:Fe: 11.7; minimum: 7.2). Wild wheats, landraces and modern cultivars showed no differences in antioxidant activity. Triticum zhukovskyi stood out with high grain micronutrient concentrations and favorable molar ratios. It was also the only taxon with elevated antioxidant activity.
Our results indicate alteration of grain quality during domestication. T. araraticum has promising genotypes with advantageous grain quality characteristics that could be selected for de novo domestication. Favorable nutritional traits in the GGAA wheat lineage (T. araraticum and T. zhukovskyi) hold promise for improving grain quality traits. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
小麦（Triticum spp.）的野生近缘种含有有益等位基因，可用于改良和重新驯化具有有利特性的选定基因型。我们在德国田间条件下分析了野生二倍体和四倍体小麦及其驯化的二倍体、四倍体和六倍体近缘种的营养成分，并将其与现代小麦品种 Triticum aestivum 和 Triticum durum 进行了比较。分析了 125 个基因型的谷物铁（Fe）和锌（Zn）浓度、植酸：矿物质摩尔比、谷物蛋白含量（GPC）和抗氧化活性。
野生小麦的籽粒 Fe 和 Zn 浓度分别为 72mg/kg 和 59mg/kg，其生物可利用性通过植酸：Fe 和植酸：Zn 摩尔比（分别为 11.7 和 16.9）和 GPC（231g/kg）得到改善。相比之下，地方品种的籽粒 Fe 和 Zn 浓度分别为 54mg/kg 和 55mg/kg，植酸：Fe 和植酸：Zn 摩尔比（分别为 15.1 和 17.5）和 GPC（178g/kg）较低。Triticum araraticum 的平均籽粒 Fe 积累量为 73mg/kg，达到 116mg/kg，生物可利用性高（植酸：Fe：11.7；最小值：7.2）。野生小麦、地方品种和现代品种在抗氧化活性方面没有差异。Triticum zhukovskyi 以高谷物微量营养素浓度和有利的摩尔比脱颖而出。它也是唯一具有高抗氧化活性的分类群。
我们的研究结果表明，在驯化过程中谷物质量发生了改变。T. araraticum 具有有前景的基因型，具有有利的谷物质量特性，可用于重新驯化。GGAA 小麦谱系（T. araraticum 和 T. zhukovskyi）中的有利营养特性有望改善谷物品质特性。
