College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain Campus, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia.
Pathol Res Pract. 2024 Mar;255:155179. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155179. Epub 2024 Feb 1.
Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be a major health concern worldwide, with its resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy presenting major hurdles in successful treatment. While patients with localized prostate cancer generally have a good survival rate, those with metastatic prostate cancer often face a grim prognosis, even with aggressive treatments using various methods. The high mortality rate in severe cases is largely due to the lack of treatment options that can offer lasting results, especially considering the significant genetic diversity found in tumors at the genomic level. This comprehensive review examines the intricate molecular mechanisms governing resistance in PCa, emphasising the pivotal contributions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). We delve into the diverse roles of microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and other non-coding elements as critical regulators of key cellular processes involved in CR & RR. The review emphasizes the diagnostic potential of ncRNAs as predictive biomarkers for treatment response, offering insights into patient stratification and personalized therapeutic approaches. Additionally, we explore the therapeutic implications of targeting ncRNAs to overcome CR & RR, highlighting innovative strategies to restore treatment sensitivity. By synthesizing current knowledge, this review not only provides a comprehension of the chemical basis of resistance in PCa but also identifies gaps in knowledge, paving the way for future research directions. Ultimately, this exploration of ncRNA perspectives offers a roadmap for advancing precision medicine in PCa, potentially transforming therapeutic paradigms and improving outcomes for patients facing the challenges of treatment resistance.
前列腺癌（PCa）仍然是全球范围内的一个主要健康关注点，其对化疗和放疗的耐药性是成功治疗的主要障碍。虽然局部前列腺癌患者的总体生存率较高，但转移性前列腺癌患者的预后往往较为严峻，即使采用各种方法进行积极治疗也是如此。在严重情况下，高死亡率主要归因于缺乏能够提供持久效果的治疗选择，特别是考虑到在基因组水平上肿瘤存在显著的遗传多样性。本综述全面探讨了调控 PCa 耐药性的复杂分子机制，强调了非编码 RNA（ncRNA）的重要作用。我们深入研究了 miRNA、lncRNA 等非编码元件作为关键调控因子在 CR 和 RR 中参与的关键细胞过程的多种作用。该综述强调了 ncRNA 作为治疗反应预测生物标志物的诊断潜力，为患者分层和个性化治疗方法提供了新的思路。此外，我们还探讨了靶向 ncRNA 以克服 CR 和 RR 的治疗意义，强调了恢复治疗敏感性的创新策略。通过综合当前的知识，本综述不仅提供了对 PCa 耐药性的化学基础的理解，还确定了知识空白，为未来的研究方向指明了道路。最终，对 ncRNA 观点的探索为推进 PCa 的精准医学提供了蓝图，有可能改变治疗模式，改善面临治疗耐药性挑战的患者的预后。
