Centre of Social Medicine and Community Health, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, 110067, India.
Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 6;14(1):3040. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-53536-9.
Due to ovarian insufficiency, some women attain menopause at an early age due to lifestyle factors and hormonal imbalances. Menopause occurring before the age of 40 is premature and between 40 and 44 years age is early, since the natural age of menopause lies between 45 and 50. The study estimated the prevalence of both premature and early menopause, and examined the potential associated factors that could trigger its occurrence in India. The National Family Health Survey, conducted during 2019-2021, was used to fulfil the study objective. The study sample was divided into two parts, with age group 15-39 and 40-44 for estimating premature and early menopause, respectively. Cox-proportional hazard model was used for the multivariate analysis. The estimated prevalence of premature menopause is 2.2% and early menopause is 16.2%. Lower educational level, poor economic condition, smoking, fried food consumption, early age at menarche are some of the significant explanatory factors. In India, both the proportion and the absolute number of post-menopausal women are growing, therefore it is critical to revamp public reproductive healthcare facilities to include menopausal health segment in women's health as well. Future detailed micro-studies would help in better understanding of the premature or early menopausal cases.
由于卵巢功能不全，一些女性由于生活方式因素和激素失衡而在较早的年龄进入绝经期。40 岁以前发生的绝经为早发性绝经，40 岁至 44 岁之间发生的绝经为早期绝经，因为自然绝经年龄在 45 岁至 50 岁之间。本研究估计了早发性和早期绝经的患病率，并探讨了可能导致印度发生这种情况的潜在相关因素。本研究使用了 2019-2021 年进行的国家家庭健康调查来实现研究目标。研究样本分为两组，年龄组为 15-39 岁和 40-44 岁，分别用于估计早发性和早期绝经。使用 Cox 比例风险模型进行多变量分析。早发性绝经的估计患病率为 2.2%，早期绝经的估计患病率为 16.2%。较低的教育水平、较差的经济状况、吸烟、食用油炸食品、初潮年龄较早是一些显著的解释因素。在印度，绝经后女性的比例和绝对数量都在增加，因此，必须改革公共生殖保健设施，将绝经健康纳入妇女健康领域。未来的详细微观研究将有助于更好地了解早发性或早期绝经病例。
