Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
Med Microbiol Immunol. 2024 Feb 8;213(1):1. doi: 10.1007/s00430-023-00784-7.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs discovered in recent years, which are produced by back-splicing involving the 3' and 5' ends of RNA molecules. There is increasing evidence that circRNAs have important roles in cancer, neurological diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and other diseases. In addition, host circRNAs and virus-encoded circRNAs participate in the body's immune response, with antiviral roles. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which host and viral circRNAs interact during the host immune response. Comprehensive investigations have revealed that host circRNAs function as miRNA sponges in a particular manner, primarily by inhibiting viral replication. Viral circRNAs have more diverse functions, which generally involve promoting viral replication. In addition, in contrast to circRNAs from RNA viruses, circRNAs from DNA viruses can influence host cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis, along with their effects on viral replication. In summary, circRNAs have potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets, offering a foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of viral diseases.
环状 RNA（circRNAs）是近年来发现的非编码 RNA，由涉及 RNA 分子 3' 和 5' 末端的反式剪接产生。越来越多的证据表明 circRNAs 在癌症、神经疾病、心血管和脑血管疾病等疾病中具有重要作用。此外，宿主 circRNAs 和病毒编码的 circRNAs 参与了机体的免疫反应，具有抗病毒作用。本综述总结了宿主和病毒 circRNAs 在宿主免疫反应中相互作用的机制。全面的研究表明，宿主 circRNAs 以特定的方式作为 miRNA 海绵发挥作用，主要通过抑制病毒复制。病毒 circRNAs 具有更多样化的功能，通常涉及促进病毒复制。此外，与 RNA 病毒的 circRNAs 不同，DNA 病毒的 circRNAs 可以影响宿主细胞的迁移、增殖和凋亡，以及对病毒复制的影响。总之，circRNAs 具有作为诊断和治疗靶点的潜力，为病毒疾病的诊断和治疗提供了基础。
