Brocheriou C, Kuffer R, Verola O
Ann Pathol. 1985;5(4-5):221-9.
Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity are of multiple origin. They can be subdivided as follows: non tumoral pigmentations, non melanin pigmented tumors or tumor-like lesions, benign melanin pigmented tumors and malignant melanomas. Among non tumoral pigmented lesions, some of them show melanin deposits: they can be associated with a systemic disease (Peutz Jeghers syndrome, Addison's disease) or have a medicamentous origin, or belong to a lichen migricans. Non tumoral and non melanin pigmentations are principally due to a heavy metal accumulation or an accidental tatoo arising after tooth treatment. Peripheral giant cell granuloma, so-called giant cell epulis is the major non pigmented non melanin pseudotumoral lesion; pigmentation is due to hemosiderin deposits. In the oral cavity nevi are principally of the intramucosal type. Blue nevus, the second type in frequency, is usually located on the hard palate. Primary malignant melanomas are rare in the oral cavity, but it is--because its very bad prognosis--the most important lesion. In order to improve the survival it is necessary to do the diagnosis as early as possible.
口腔色素沉着病变有多种起源。它们可细分为以下几类：非肿瘤性色素沉着、非黑色素色素性肿瘤或肿瘤样病变、良性黑色素色素性肿瘤和恶性黑色素瘤。在非肿瘤性色素沉着病变中，有些会出现黑色素沉积：它们可能与全身性疾病（佩-吉综合征、艾迪生病）相关，或有药物性起源，或属于游走性扁平苔藓。非肿瘤性和非黑色素色素沉着主要是由于重金属蓄积或牙齿治疗后意外纹身所致。外周性巨细胞肉芽肿，即所谓的巨细胞龈瘤，是主要的非色素性非黑色素假肿瘤性病变；色素沉着是由于含铁血黄素沉积。在口腔中，痣主要为黏膜内型。蓝痣是第二常见类型，通常位于硬腭。原发性恶性黑色素瘤在口腔中很少见，但因其预后极差，所以是最重要的病变。为了提高生存率，必须尽早做出诊断。
