Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
J Int AIDS Soc. 2024 Feb;27(2):e26211. doi: 10.1002/jia2.26211.
INTRODUCTION: Current implementation efforts have failed to achieve equitable HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) provision for transgender and gender-diverse (trans) populations. We conducted a choice-based conjoint analysis to measure preferences for key attributes of hypothetical PrEP delivery programmes among a diverse online sample predominantly comprised of transmasculine and nonbinary individuals in the United States. METHODS: Between April 2022 and June 2022, a national online survey with an embedded conjoint analysis experiment was conducted among 304 trans individuals aged ≥18 years in the United States to assess five PrEP programme attributes: out-of-pocket cost; dispensing venue; frequency of visits for PrEP-related care; travel time to PrEP provider; and ability to bundle PrEP-related care with gender-affirming hormone therapy services. Participants responded to five questions, each of which presented two PrEP programme scenarios and one opt-out option per question and selected their preferred programme in each question. We used hierarchical Bayes estimation and multinomial logistic regression to measure part-worth utility scores for the total sample and by respondents' PrEP status. RESULTS: The median age was 24 years (range 18-56); 75% were assigned female sex at birth; 54% identified as transmasculine; 32% as nonbinary; 14% as transfeminine. Out-of-pocket cost had the highest attribute importance score (44.3%), followed by the ability to bundle with gender-affirming hormone therapy services (18.7%). Minimal cost-sharing ($0 out-of-pocket cost) most positively influenced the attribute importance of cost (average conjoint part-worth utility coefficient of 2.5 [95% CI 2.4-2.6]). PrEP-experienced respondents preferred PrEP delivery in primary care settings (relative utility score 4.7); however, PrEP-naïve respondents preferred pharmacies (relative utility score 5.1). CONCLUSIONS: Participants preferred programmes that offered PrEP services without cost-sharing and bundled with gender-affirming hormone therapy services. Bolstering federal regulations to cover PrEP services and prioritizing programmes to expand low-barrier PrEP provision are critical to achieving equitable PrEP provision. Community-engaged implementation research conducted by and in close collaboration with trans community stakeholders and researchers are needed to streamline the design of patient-centred PrEP programmes and develop implementation strategies that are salient to the diverse sexual health needs of trans patients.
引言:当前的实施工作未能为跨性别和性别多样化(trans)人群提供公平的艾滋病毒暴露前预防(PrEP)。我们进行了基于选择的联合分析,以衡量美国多元化在线样本中主要由跨男性和非二元个体组成的假设 PrEP 交付计划的关键属性的偏好。
方法:2022 年 4 月至 2022 年 6 月期间,在美国进行了一项全国性的在线调查,其中包括一项嵌入式联合分析实验,调查了 304 名年龄在 18 岁及以上的跨性别个体,以评估五个 PrEP 计划属性:自付费用;配药场所;PrEP 相关护理的就诊频率;到 PrEP 提供者的旅行时间;以及将 PrEP 相关护理与性别肯定激素治疗服务捆绑的能力。参与者回答了五个问题,每个问题都提出了两种 PrEP 计划方案和一个每个问题的退出选项,并在每个问题中选择了他们更喜欢的计划。我们使用分层贝叶斯估计和多项逻辑回归来衡量总样本和按受访者 PrEP 状况划分的部分价值效用得分。
结果:中位年龄为 24 岁(范围 18-56 岁);75%的人出生时被分配为女性性别;54%的人被认定为跨男性;32%的人被认定为非二元性别;14%的人被认定为跨女性。自付费用具有最高的属性重要性评分(44.3%),其次是与性别肯定激素治疗服务捆绑的能力(18.7%)。最小的费用分担(自付费用为 0 美元)对成本的属性重要性影响最大(平均联合部分价值效用系数为 2.5 [95%CI 2.4-2.6])。有 PrEP 经验的受访者更喜欢在初级保健环境中提供 PrEP 服务(相对效用评分 4.7);然而,无 PrEP 经验的受访者更喜欢药房(相对效用评分 5.1)。
结论:参与者更喜欢提供无费用分担并与性别肯定激素治疗服务捆绑的 PrEP 服务的计划。加强联邦法规以涵盖 PrEP 服务,并优先制定扩大低障碍 PrEP 供应的计划,对于实现公平的 PrEP 供应至关重要。需要由跨性别社区利益相关者和研究人员进行并密切合作的社区参与实施研究,以简化以患者为中心的 PrEP 计划的设计,并制定与跨性别患者多样化的性健康需求相关的实施策略。
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