健康即全面幸福：世界卫生组织的定义及拓展
Health as Complete Well-Being: The WHO Definition and Beyond.
作者信息
Schramme Thomas
机构信息
Department of Philosophy, University of Liverpool, Gillian Howie House, Mulberry Street, Liverpool, L69 7SH, UK.
出版信息
Public Health Ethics. 2023 Jul 27;16(3):210-218. doi: 10.1093/phe/phad017. eCollection 2023 Nov.
The paper defends the World Health Organisation (WHO) definition of health against widespread criticism. The common objections are due to a possible misinterpretation of the word in the descriptor of health as 'complete physical, mental and social well-being'. here does not necessarily refer to perfect well-being but can alternatively mean exhaustive well-being, that is, containing all its constitutive features. In line with the alternative reading, I argue that the WHO definition puts forward a holistic account, not a notion of perfect health. I use historical and analytical evidence to defend this interpretation. In the second part of the paper, I further investigate the two different notions of health (holistic health and perfect health). I argue that both ideas are relevant but that the holistic interpretation is more adept for political aims.
本文针对世界卫生组织（WHO）对健康的定义所遭受的广泛批评进行辩护。常见的反对意见源于对健康描述中“完全的身体、心理和社会福祉”这句话可能存在的误解。这里的“完全”不一定指完美的福祉，也可以理解为详尽的福祉，即包含其所有构成要素。根据这种另一种解读，我认为世界卫生组织的定义提出的是一种整体的描述，而非完美健康的概念。我运用历史和分析证据来捍卫这一解释。在本文的第二部分，我进一步探究了两种不同的健康概念（整体健康和完美健康）。我认为这两种概念都有相关性，但整体健康的解释更适合政治目标。
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