Gauffin Helena, Boström Inger, Berntsson Shala Ghaderi, Kristoffersson Anna, Fredrikson Mats, Landtblom Anne-Marie
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden.
Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
J Clin Med. 2024 Jan 23;13(3):652. doi: 10.3390/jcm13030652.
(1) Background: In the context of the H1N1 pandemic and the Pandemrix vaccination campaign, an increased number of narcolepsy cases were noted in several countries. In Sweden, this phenomenon was attributed to the effect of the Pandemrix vaccination in the first place. Studies from China indicated that narcolepsy could occur as a consequence of the H1N1 infection itself. We performed an analysis of the increase, with a specific interest in age and sex distribution. We also aimed to validate the origin of the excess cases, post hoc. (2) Methods: Data for narcolepsy patients (ICD code G 47.4, both type 1 and type 2) distributed by sex and age at 5-year intervals, annually between 2005 and 2017, were retrieved from the National Patient Register. Information on the total population was collected from the Swedish Population Register. (3) Results: The number of narcolepsy cases increased markedly from 2009 to 2014 compared to the period before 2009. A particular increase in 2011 among children and teenagers was observed. The sex ratio did not change significantly during the study period. (4) Conclusions: Our results support an association between the increased prevalence of narcolepsy cases and Pandemrix vaccination, but the effect of the virus itself cannot be ruled out as a contributing factor.
(1) 背景：在甲型H1N1流感大流行及接种潘得米克斯疫苗期间，多个国家发现发作性睡病病例数有所增加。在瑞典，这一现象首先被归因于潘得米克斯疫苗的作用。来自中国的研究表明，甲型H1N1流感感染本身也可能导致发作性睡病。我们对病例数的增加进行了分析，特别关注年龄和性别分布。我们还旨在事后验证新增病例的来源。(2) 方法：从国家患者登记处获取2005年至2017年期间每年按性别和年龄（每隔5年）分布的发作性睡病患者（国际疾病分类代码G 47.4，1型和2型）数据。从瑞典人口登记处收集总人口信息。(3) 结果：与2009年之前的时期相比，2009年至2014年发作性睡病病例数显著增加。2011年儿童和青少年病例数尤其增加。研究期间性别比例无显著变化。(4) 结论：我们的结果支持发作性睡病病例患病率增加与潘得米克斯疫苗接种之间存在关联，但不能排除病毒本身作为一个促成因素的作用。
