Pecci-Lloret María Pilar, Linares-Pérez Covadonga, Pecci-Lloret Miguel Ramón, Rodríguez-Lozano Francisco Javier, Oñate-Sánchez Ricardo Elías
Gerodontology and Special Care Dentistry Unit, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2024 Jan 25;13(3):707. doi: 10.3390/jcm13030707.
The period of pregnancy is characterized by a multitude of diverse changes that exert a notable impact on the oral cavity of women. During this gestational phase, patients necessitate tailored oral care and specific recommendations to preempt and address potential oral diseases. This systematic review aimed to perform a detailed analysis of the research studies that focused on the oral manifestations observed in pregnant women. A meticulous search was conducted in the databases Medline, Scopus, and Scielo by employing the following search terms: ((pregnant OR pregnancy)) AND (("oral manifestation*") OR ("oral health")). Articles that were published between 2013 and 2023 and written in English or Spanish and studies that scrutinized oral manifestations in pregnant women and included a diagnosis conducted by a qualified dentist were selected; we excluded articles published before 2013, articles that could not be accessed in full text, studies whose patients were not pregnant women at the time of the study, studies where patients were selected because they had a specific disease, studies where the clinical examination was not performed by a dentist, and articles written in languages other than English or Spanish. Subsequently, the risk of bias in the chosen articles was assessed in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) scale. A total of 20 studies were included in the analysis, following the exclusion and inclusion criteria. These studies were categorized as cross-sectional, cohort, longitudinal, or case-control. Various oral manifestations in pregnant women were examined, with five studies comparing these manifestations with those observed in nonpregnant women. The most prevalent oral manifestations associated with pregnancy encompass dental caries, periodontitis, gingivitis, pyogenic granuloma, and candidiasis. Nonetheless, less common lesions may also emerge during the course of pregnancy.
孕期的特点是发生了众多不同的变化，这些变化对女性口腔产生了显著影响。在这个妊娠期阶段，患者需要量身定制的口腔护理和具体建议，以预防和应对潜在的口腔疾病。本系统评价旨在对聚焦于孕妇口腔表现的研究进行详细分析。通过使用以下检索词，在Medline、Scopus和Scielo数据库中进行了细致的检索：((怀孕或妊娠期)) AND (("口腔表现*") OR ("口腔健康"))。选取了2013年至2023年期间发表的、用英文或西班牙文撰写的、审视孕妇口腔表现并包括由合格牙医进行诊断的研究；我们排除了2013年之前发表的文章、无法获取全文的文章、研究时患者并非孕妇的研究、因患有特定疾病而选取患者的研究、临床检查并非由牙医进行的研究，以及用英文或西班牙文以外语言撰写的文章。随后，根据加强流行病学观察性研究报告（STROBE）量表对所选文章的偏倚风险进行了评估。按照排除和纳入标准，共有20项研究纳入分析。这些研究分为横断面研究、队列研究、纵向研究或病例对照研究。对孕妇的各种口腔表现进行了检查，其中五项研究将这些表现与非孕妇的表现进行了比较。与妊娠相关的最常见口腔表现包括龋齿、牙周炎、牙龈炎、化脓性肉芽肿和念珠菌病。尽管如此，孕期也可能出现不太常见的病变。
