Bolchis Vanessa, Jumanca Daniela, Dumitrescu Ramona, Balean Octavia, Toderas Nicoleta A, Popescu Simona, Marcu Anca, Marian Catalin, Galuscan Atena
Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300040 Timisoara, Romania.
Clinic of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
J Clin Med. 2025 Apr 21;14(8):2847. doi: 10.3390/jcm14082847.
: The bidirectional relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontal disease (PD) has garnered increasing attention due to shared inflammatory mechanisms and mutual disease exacerbation. In Romania, despite a high prevalence of diabetes and PD, integration of oral health into diabetes care remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between glycemic control, salivary inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-8), and periodontal status in diabetic patients. Additionally, it evaluated patients' awareness of oral health risks and their communication with healthcare providers regarding periodontal care. : A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted between May and December 2024, involving 79 adult patients with confirmed type 1 or type 2 DM. Periodontal examinations assessed probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Salivary samples were collected to quantify IL-1β, IL-6, and MMP-8. Participants also completed a structured questionnaire on oral symptoms, hygiene practices, and awareness of the diabetes-periodontitis link. Correlation and -test analyses were used to explore associations between clinical, biochemical, and self-reported variables. : Most participants had advanced periodontitis (65.8% Stage IV; 72.2% Grade C). IL-1β and IL-6 were positively correlated (r = 0.34, < 0.01), while MMP-8 correlated with PI (r = 0.28) and BOP (r = 0.26). Inflammatory markers showed weak correlation with HbA1c. Notably, patients with higher oral health knowledge reported worse clinical indices, suggesting increased symptom awareness rather than preventive effectiveness. : This study reinforces the inflammatory link between DM and PD and highlights the need for integrated care models. Periodontal screening and education should be embedded within diabetes management, particularly in high-risk populations.
由于共同的炎症机制和相互的疾病加重，糖尿病（DM）与牙周病（PD）之间的双向关系受到了越来越多的关注。在罗马尼亚，尽管糖尿病和牙周病的患病率很高，但将口腔健康纳入糖尿病护理的程度仍然有限。本研究旨在调查糖尿病患者血糖控制、唾液炎症生物标志物（IL-1β、IL-6、MMP-8）与牙周状况之间的关联。此外，还评估了患者对口腔健康风险的认识以及他们与医疗保健提供者就牙周护理的沟通情况。：2024年5月至12月进行了一项横断面观察性研究，纳入了79名确诊为1型或2型糖尿病的成年患者。牙周检查评估了探诊深度（PPD）、临床附着水平（CAL）、菌斑指数（PI）和探诊出血（BOP）。收集唾液样本以量化IL-1β、IL-6和MMP-8。参与者还完成了一份关于口腔症状、卫生习惯以及对糖尿病-牙周炎关联认识的结构化问卷。采用相关性分析和t检验分析来探讨临床、生化和自我报告变量之间的关联。：大多数参与者患有晚期牙周炎（65.8%为IV期；72.2%为C级）。IL-1β与IL-6呈正相关（r = 0.34，P < 0.01），而MMP-8与PI（r = 0.28）和BOP（r = 0.26）相关。炎症标志物与糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）呈弱相关。值得注意的是，口腔健康知识较高的患者报告的临床指标较差，这表明症状意识增强而非预防效果提高。：本研究强化了糖尿病与牙周病之间的炎症联系，并强调了综合护理模式的必要性。牙周筛查和教育应纳入糖尿病管理中，尤其是在高危人群中。
