College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China.
Nutrients. 2024 Jan 23;16(3):335. doi: 10.3390/nu16030335.
Inconsistent findings exist regarding the relationship between heme iron intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Western and Eastern populations. Easterners tend to consume a plant-based diet which is abundant in antioxidant minerals. To examine the hypothesis that antioxidant mineral may modify the relationship between iron and T2D, we performed a case-control study by measuring the serum mineral levels in 2198 Chinese subjects. A total of 2113 T2D patients and 2458 controls were invited; 502 T2D patients and 1696 controls were finally analyzed. In the total population, high serum iron showed a positive association with T2D odds (odds ratio [OR] = 1.27 [1.04, 1.55]); high magnesium (OR = 0.18 [0.14, 0.22]), copper (OR = 0.27 [0.21, 0.33]), zinc (OR = 0.37 [0.30, 0.46]), chromium (OR = 0.61 [0.50, 0.74]), or selenium concentrations (OR = 0.39 [0.31, 0.48]) were inversely associated with T2D odds. In contrast, in individuals with higher magnesium (>2673.2 µg/dL), zinc (>136.7 µg/dL), copper (>132.1 µg/dL), chromium (>14.0 µg/dL), or selenium concentrations (>16.8 µg/dL), serum iron displayed no association with T2D ( > 0.05). Serum copper and magnesium were significant modifiers of the association between iron and T2D in individuals with different physiological status ( < 0.05). Our findings support the idea that consuming a diet rich in antioxidant minerals is an effective approach for preventing T2D.
在西方和东方人群中，关于血红素铁摄入与 2 型糖尿病（T2D）之间的关系存在不一致的发现。东方人倾向于食用富含抗氧化矿物质的植物性饮食。为了检验抗氧化矿物质可能会改变铁与 T2D 之间关系的假说，我们通过测量 2198 名中国受试者的血清矿物质水平进行了病例对照研究。共邀请了 2113 名 T2D 患者和 2458 名对照者；最终分析了 502 名 T2D 患者和 1696 名对照者。在总人群中，高血清铁与 T2D 几率呈正相关（比值比[OR] = 1.27[1.04，1.55]）；高镁（OR = 0.18[0.14，0.22]）、铜（OR = 0.27[0.21，0.33]）、锌（OR = 0.37[0.30，0.46]）、铬（OR = 0.61[0.50，0.74]）或硒浓度（OR = 0.39[0.31，0.48]）与 T2D 几率呈负相关。相比之下，在镁（>2673.2 µg/dL）、锌（>136.7 µg/dL）、铜（>132.1 µg/dL）、铬（>14.0 µg/dL）或硒浓度（>16.8 µg/dL）较高的个体中，血清铁与 T2D 无关（>0.05）。血清铜和镁是不同生理状态个体中铁与 T2D 之间关联的重要调节剂（<0.05）。我们的研究结果支持这样一种观点，即摄入富含抗氧化矿物质的饮食是预防 T2D 的有效方法。
