Siriraj Population Health and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Research Group and Research Network, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
Nutrients. 2024 Jan 30;16(3):395. doi: 10.3390/nu16030395.
This study aimed to compare newly developed diabetes-specific complete smoothie formulas with a standard diabetes-specific nutritional formula (DSNF) regarding their effects on glucose homeostasis, insulin levels, and lipid metabolism in obese type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, crossover study with 41 obese T2DM participants to compare two developed diabetes-specific complete smoothie formulas, a soy-based regular smoothie (SM) and a smoothie with modified carbohydrate content (SMMC), with the standard DSNF, Glucerna. Glycemic and insulin responses were assessed after the participants randomly consumed 300 kilocalories of each formulation on three separate days with a 7-day gap between. Postprandial effects on glycemic control, insulin levels, and lipid metabolism were measured. SMMC resulted in a significantly lower glucose area under the curve (AUC) compared to Glucerna and SM ( < 0.05 for both). Insulin AUC after SMMC was significantly lower than that after SM and Glucerna ( < 0.05). During the diets, the suppression of NEFA was more augmented on SM, resulting in a less total AUC of NEFA compared to the SMMC diet ( < 0.05). -peptide AUC after SMMC was significantly lower than that after Glucerna ( < 0.001). Conversely, glucagon AUC after SMMC was significantly higher than that after SM and Glucerna ( < 0.05). These results highlight SMMC as the better insulin-sensitive formula, potentially achieved through increased insulin secretion or a direct reduction in glucose absorption. The unique composition of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fats from natural ingredients in the smoothies may contribute to these positive effects, making them promising functional foods for managing diabetes and obesity.
本研究旨在比较新开发的糖尿病专用全营养奶昔配方与标准糖尿病专用营养配方（DSNF）对肥胖 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血糖稳态、胰岛素水平和脂代谢的影响。我们进行了一项随机、双盲、交叉研究，纳入 41 名肥胖 T2DM 患者，比较两种新开发的糖尿病专用全营养奶昔配方，即基于大豆的常规奶昔（SM）和碳水化合物含量改良的奶昔（SMMC）与标准 DSNF 产品 Glucerna。在 7 天间隔内，参与者随机每天食用 300 千卡的三种配方中的一种，分别在三天内进行，以评估血糖和胰岛素反应。测量餐后对血糖控制、胰岛素水平和脂代谢的影响。与 Glucerna 和 SM 相比，SMMC 导致血糖曲线下面积（AUC）显著降低（<0.05）。SMMC 后胰岛素 AUC 明显低于 SM 和 Glucerna 后（<0.05）。在饮食期间，SM 更能增强对 NEFA 的抑制作用，导致与 SMMC 饮食相比，总 NEFA AUC 降低（<0.05）。SMMC 后 -肽 AUC 明显低于 Glucerna 后（<0.001）。相反，SMMC 后胰高血糖素 AUC 明显高于 SM 和 Glucerna 后（<0.05）。这些结果突出了 SMMC 作为更敏感胰岛素的配方，可能通过增加胰岛素分泌或直接减少葡萄糖吸收来实现。奶昔中天然成分的碳水化合物、氨基酸和脂肪的独特组成可能促成了这些积极的影响，使它们成为管理糖尿病和肥胖的有前途的功能性食品。
