Kordyum Elizabeth, Akimov Yuri, Polishchuk Oleksandr, Panas Ihor, Stepanov Sergiy, Kozeko Liudmyla
M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2 Tereschenkivska Str., 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine.
Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Str., 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Jan 30;13(3):413. doi: 10.3390/plants13030413.
While morphological and functional traits enable hydrophytes to survive under waterlogging and partial or complete submergence, the data on responses of psammophytes-sand plants-to flooding are very limited. We analyzed the effect of 5- and 10-day soil flooding on the photosynthetic apparatus and the synthesis of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70), and ethylene in seedlings of psammophytes and using electron microscopy, chlorophyll fluorescence induction, and biochemical methods. It was found that seedlings growing under soil flooding differed from those growing in stationary conditions with such traits as chloroplast ultrastructure, pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence induction, and the dynamics of ADH, HSP, and ethylene synthesis. Although flooding caused no apparent damage to the photosynthetic apparatus in all the variants, a significant decrease in total photosynthesis efficiency was observed in both studied plants, as indicated by decreased values of φR0 and PI. More noticeable upregulation of ADH in , as well as increasing HSP70 level and more intensive ethylene emission in , indicate species-specific differences in these traits in response to short-term soil flooding. Meanwhile, the absence of systemic anaerobic metabolic adaptation to prolonged hypoxia causes plant death.
虽然形态和功能特征使水生植物能够在渍水和部分或完全淹没的条件下生存，但有关沙生植物（沙地植物）对洪水反应的数据却非常有限。我们使用电子显微镜、叶绿素荧光诱导和生化方法，分析了5天和10天土壤淹水对沙生植物幼苗光合机构以及乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）、热休克蛋白70（HSP70）和乙烯合成的影响。结果发现，在土壤淹水条件下生长的幼苗，在叶绿体超微结构、色素含量、叶绿素荧光诱导以及ADH、HSP和乙烯合成动态等特征方面，与在静止条件下生长的幼苗有所不同。尽管在所有变体中淹水对光合机构均未造成明显损害，但如φR0和PI值降低所示，在两种受试植物中均观察到总光合作用效率显著下降。沙生植物中ADH更明显的上调，以及沙生植物中HSP70水平的升高和乙烯释放的增强，表明这些特征在响应短期土壤淹水时存在物种特异性差异。同时，缺乏对长期缺氧的系统性厌氧代谢适应会导致植物死亡。
