Gama Gil Sander Próspero, Pimenta Alexandre Santos, Feijó Francisco Marlon Carneiro, Azevedo Tatiane Kelly Barbosa de, Melo Rafael Rodolfo de, Andrade Gabriel Siqueira de
Graduate Program in Forest Sciences, Forest Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rodovia RN 160, km 03 s/n, Distrito de Jundiaí, Macaíba CEP 59.280-000, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Environment, Technology, and Society-PPGATS, Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Laboratory of Wood Technology, Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido-UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572-Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró CEP 59.625-900, Brazil.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Jan 25;14(3):381. doi: 10.3390/ani14030381.
The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in animal husbandry can result in various types of environmental contamination. Part of the dose of these products is excreted, still active, in the animals' feces and urine. These excreta are widely used as organic fertilizers, which results in contamination with antimicrobial molecules. The impacts can occur in several compartments, such as soil, groundwater, and surface watercourses. Also, contamination by antimicrobials fed or administrated to pigs, chickens, and cattle can reach the meat, milk, and other animal products, which calls into question the sustainability of using these products as part of eco-friendly practices. Therefore, a search for alternative natural products is required to replace the conventional antimicrobials currently used in animal husbandry, aiming to mitigate environmental contamination. We thus carried out a review addressing this issue, highlighting wood vinegar (WV), also known as pyroligneous acid, as an alternative antimicrobial with good potential to replace conventional products. In this regard, many studies have demonstrated that WV is a promising product. WV is a nontoxic additive widely employed in the food industry to impart a smoked flavor to foods. Studies have shown that, depending on the WV concentration, good results can be achieved using it as an antimicrobial against pathogenic bacteria and fungi and a valuable growth promoter for poultry and pigs.
畜牧业中抗菌剂的滥用会导致各种类型的环境污染。这些产品的一部分剂量会以仍具活性的形式随动物粪便和尿液排出。这些排泄物被广泛用作有机肥料，从而导致抗菌分子污染。其影响可能出现在多个环境介质中，如土壤、地下水和地表水体。此外，给猪、鸡和牛投喂或施用的抗菌剂污染会进入肉类、牛奶和其他动物产品中，这使得将这些产品用作生态友好型做法的一部分的可持续性受到质疑。因此，需要寻找替代天然产品来取代目前畜牧业中使用的传统抗菌剂，以减轻环境污染。为此，我们开展了一项针对该问题的综述，强调木醋液（WV），也称为焦木酸，作为一种具有良好潜力的替代抗菌剂来取代传统产品。在这方面，许多研究表明WV是一种有前景的产品。WV是一种无毒添加剂，广泛应用于食品工业中为食品赋予烟熏风味。研究表明，根据WV的浓度，将其用作抗病原菌和真菌的抗菌剂以及家禽和猪的有价值的生长促进剂可取得良好效果。
