Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jan 30;25(3):1707. doi: 10.3390/ijms25031707.
Control of schistosomiasis japonica, endemic in Asia, including the Philippines, China, and Indonesia, is extremely challenging. is a highly pathogenic helminth parasite, with disease arising predominantly from an immune reaction to entrapped parasite eggs in tissues. Females of this species can generate 1000-2200 eggs per day, which is about 3- to 15-fold greater than the egg output of other schistosome species. Bovines (water buffalo and cattle) are the predominant definitive hosts and are estimated to generate up to 90% of parasite eggs released into the environment in rural endemic areas where these hosts and humans are present. Here, we highlight the necessity of developing veterinary transmission-blocking vaccines for bovines to better control the disease and review potential vaccine candidates. We also point out that the approach to producing efficacious transmission-blocking animal-based vaccines before moving on to human vaccines is crucial. This will result in effective and feasible public health outcomes in agreement with the One Health concept to achieve optimum health for people, animals, and the environment. Indeed, incorporating a veterinary-based transmission vaccine, coupled with interventions such as human mass drug administration, improved sanitation and hygiene, health education, and snail control, would be invaluable to eliminating zoonotic schistosomiasis.
日本血吸虫病在亚洲流行，包括菲律宾、中国和印度尼西亚，其防治极具挑战性。日本血吸虫是一种高致病性的寄生虫，其疾病主要是由组织中被包裹的寄生虫卵引起的免疫反应引起的。该物种的雌性每天可产生 1000-2200 个卵，约为其他血吸虫物种卵产量的 3-15 倍。牛（水牛和牛）是主要的终末宿主，据估计，在存在这些宿主和人类的农村流行地区，高达 90%的寄生虫卵释放到环境中。在这里，我们强调了为牛开发兽医传播阻断疫苗以更好地控制疾病的必要性，并回顾了潜在的疫苗候选物。我们还指出，在转向人类疫苗之前，生产有效的动物传播阻断疫苗的方法至关重要。这将符合“同一健康”的理念，为人类、动物和环境带来最佳的健康效果，实现有效和可行的公共卫生成果。事实上，结合基于兽医的传播疫苗，以及人群药物治疗、改善环境卫生和个人卫生、健康教育和钉螺控制等干预措施，将对消除人畜共患血吸虫病具有重要意义。
