Ayele Getu, Getachew Belayneh, Bari Fufa Dawo, Bayissa Berecha, Muluneh Ayelech, Abayneh Takele, Gelaye Esayas, Edao Bedaso Mammo
Research and Development Directorate, National Veterinary Institute, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Vet Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Vet Med (Auckl). 2023 Apr 15;14:47-62. doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S397590. eCollection 2023.
Foot-and-mouth disease is globally one of the most economically important viral diseases of cloven-hoofed animals that can be controlled by different strategies, where vaccination plays an important role. Selection of adjuvant added to vaccine preparation is crucial in ensuring the protective effect of the vaccine. Aluminum hydroxide gel mixed with saponin (AS) is widely used adjuvant, with its suboptimal immune response in FMD vaccine. The present study was undertaken to evaluate different ingredients of adjuvants for inactivated trivalent (A, O and SAT 2) FMD vaccine and to demonstrate the effect of booster dose in cattle.
Cattle were grouped into five; four experimental and one control, with six animals in each group and immunized with trivalent vaccine with various formulations of adjuvants. Immune response was measured using Solid Phase Competitive Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (SPCE).
The antibody level in cattle immunised with a vaccine formulation containing a mixture of aluminum hydroxide gel and saponin (AS) were significantly lower than AS boosted group for the three serotypes (p<0.05, -test), which directs the need for booster dose. Whereas the antibody response in the AS + oil group was higher followed by oil alone. The AS preparation with a booster dose has shown better immune response compared to the group without.
The findings of this study could suggest that oil based and AS with oil could replace the conventional aluminum hydroxide gel and saponin adjuvants in FMD vaccine preparations. Challenge test was not successful indicating the need for further research on the virus infectivity.
口蹄疫是全球偶蹄动物中经济上最重要的病毒性疾病之一，可通过不同策略进行控制，其中疫苗接种起着重要作用。选择添加到疫苗制剂中的佐剂对于确保疫苗的保护效果至关重要。氢氧化铝凝胶与皂苷混合（AS）是广泛使用的佐剂，但其在口蹄疫疫苗中的免疫反应并不理想。本研究旨在评估灭活三价（A、O和SAT 2）口蹄疫疫苗佐剂的不同成分，并证明加强剂量对牛的影响。
将牛分为五组；四组为实验组，一组为对照组，每组六只动物，用含有不同佐剂配方的三价疫苗进行免疫。使用固相竞争酶联免疫吸附测定（SPCE）测量免疫反应。
用含有氢氧化铝凝胶和皂苷混合物（AS）的疫苗制剂免疫的牛，三种血清型的抗体水平均显著低于AS加强组（p<0.05，t检验），这表明需要加强剂量。而AS+油组的抗体反应较高，其次是单独使用油组。与未使用加强剂量的组相比，使用加强剂量的AS制剂显示出更好的免疫反应。
本研究结果表明，油基和AS与油的组合可在口蹄疫疫苗制剂中替代传统的氢氧化铝凝胶和皂苷佐剂。攻毒试验未成功，表明需要对病毒感染性进行进一步研究。
